An approach to controlling
morphology and size is presented through
the combination of laser-induced nucleation and polymer additives.
Here, we apply the technique of non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation
to irradiate a supersaturated solution (S = 1.15)
of cesium chloride (CsCl). The solution immediately responds to laser
exposure, and spherical crystallites are produced along the laser
pathway. The crystals gradually grow into snowflake-like crystals
with different sizes. In this report, two types of acidic polymers
including polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) and polyaspartic acid (PASA)
were individually added in supersaturated CsCl solution to shape its
crystalline morphology; we found that a particular property of this
control from PESA is uniformity in modification of crystal sizes.
Additionally, we observed that both PESA and PASA were able to decrease
crystal growth velocity and the quantity of crystals after laser irradiation.
With the effect of more than 0.2 wt % PESA in solution, spherical
crystallites were initially induced by laser; after that, crystal
growth velocities and sizes became slower and smaller with increase
in mass fraction of PESA, which led to identical crystal sizes. With
the effect of more than 5 wt % PESA, the resulting crystalline morphology
obtained by laser was flower-like crystals, whilst cuboid-shaped crystals
could be obtained by spontaneous nucleation. Classical nucleation
theory, crystal growth rate, and additives as large-size impurities
were discussed to analyze the underlying mechanism of the change in
morphology.
This paper is an attempt to extract useful thermodynamic information from the experimental activity of zinc in Zn-Bi binary liquid alloy at different temperatures. The molecular interaction volume model (MIVM) was adopted to calculate a number of temperature dependent thermodynamic functions, including activity, free energy of mixing, concentration fluctuations in the long-wavelength limits, and diffusion. The reasonable agreement of the modeled thermodynamic parameters with the existing experimental data verified that the MIVM is quite convenient and reliable in the assessment of the thermodynamic properties of binary liquid alloys. K e y w o r d s : Zn-Bi, thermodynamic properties, molecular interaction volume model
The thermodynamic properties of fission products in molten salt and liquid metal have a great influence on the disposal of nuclear waste in the nuclear fuel cycle industrial system. This paper attempts to extract useful thermodynamic information from the only few experimental activities of lanthanides (Ce, Pr, La) in liquid Bi at different temperatures. The molecular interaction volume model (MIVM) was adopted to model and predict some temperature-dependent thermodynamic functions, including activity, infinite dilute activity coefficient, and molar excess Gibbs energy. The minor average of
Δ
G
¯
error indicated that assuming εji
− εii
is a constant is reasonable. On this basis, the natural logarithm of the interaction coefficients and the natural logarithm of the infinite dilute activity coefficient of lanthanides (Ce, Pr, La) in the Bi-based metal melt, these two parameters, show the linear relationship with the reciprocal of temperature. The reasonable agreement of the modeled thermodynamic parameters with the existing experimental data verified that the MIVM is quite convenient and reliable, which can provide guidance for separating fission products from molten salt reactors.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.