Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies and has a highly immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. Immune checkpoint blockade has led to remarkable and durable objective responses in a number of malignancies and antibody-based strategies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are showing promise where traditional modalities of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have failed. In this study, we examined the clinical value of PD-1 protein expression by CD8+ peripheral T lymphocytes or tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Expression of PD-1 protein on CD8+ TILs correlated with overall survival and clinicopathological characteristics such as clinical stage, N classification, and M classification. Similar findings were observed for the expression of PD-1 protein on peripheral CD8+ T cells, whereas its expression on peripheral CD4+ T cells showed no significance. Comparison of the levels of PD-1 protein expressed by peripheral CD8+ T cells before and 4 weeks after surgery indicated that preoperative and postoperative status of peripheral PD-1 expression was unchanged. Our findings showed that PD-1 protein expressed by peripheral or tumour-infiltrated CD8+ T cells was a promising biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in PDAC and might help guide future immunotherapies.
Gyroscopic effects in the flywheel rotor greatly influence rotor stability especially at high speed. When the pole-zero position moves to right of s-plane, the damping of the pole is getting smaller, and the stability of system is getting worse with the increasing of rotor speed when the decentralized PD control law is used only. The LQR (linear quadratic regulator) control method is used to reduce gyroscopic effect and forced vibration. The simulation results show that LQR controller have a good performance on the reduction of gyroscopic effect and vibration of magnetic flywheel rotor system.
Feedforward control method to control vibration in the active vibration isolation system was discussed. By introducing the FIR filter as the feedforward link, using the mean-square deviation of system error as the performance index and utilizing the LMS algorithm to obtain the optimal parameters of controller, the design of adaptive feedforward controller was fulfilled. The simulation results showed that: for the active vibration isolation system with regularly vibration source, adopting adaptive filter method of feedforward control has notable effect. The contrast experiment with using the PID controller further verified the simulation results.
In this paper, we use recursive least squares method for magnetic single layer vibration isolation system identification to get the system transfer function matrix. By considering the fitting degree, pole-zero, the step response to adjust the order of model and noise structure for optimizing the model Identification. Applying the system transfer function matrix to the magnetic active vibration control system to improve the isolation effect. The results showed that: significantly improved isolation effect, verify the validity of this identification model for magnetic single isolation system.
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