Bio‐organisms with various architectures and versatile physiological functions provide a substantial bibliography for electrode design. To elucidate how bio‐organisms and bio‐schemes take effect in advanced electrode materials, this review sorts bio‐assisted construction into two categories, namely, biotemplating synthesis and biomimetic artificial fabrication. The former section summarizes unique characteristics of different biotemplates for electrode preparation, including “bottom‐up” structural designability of biomolecules, metabolism involving, and genetic alterable properties of biological cells, as well as, the structural regularity and integrity of bio‐tissues, with the aim to provide guidelines for manipulating bioarchitectures and endow biotemplating synthesis of electrodes with more designability. The later describes recent efforts in using bio‐prototypes to enhance the essential properties associated with advanced electrodes, including mechanical properties, wettability, mass transport, electron/charge transfer, and catalytic activity, with intensive concerns on the function principles of biomimetic designs in electrochemical systems. Then, advances in applications of bioderived and biomimetic electrode materials are summarized emphasizing how bio‐structures/components and bionic designs help to enhance the charging/discharging and electrocatalytic performance in specific electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems. Finally, future trends with prospects and challenges for developing new bioderived/biomimetic electrode materials, as well as, related conceptual innovation on bionics, are discussed in the last section.

The stable operation of the sealing assembly plays a vital role in the performance of the hydraulic viscous clutch. In order to research the leakage characteristics of the clearance seal of the hydraulic viscous clutch, a clearance seal model is established based on the computational fluid dynamics. The validity of the model is proved by comparing the leakage of the experience in a self-build sealed test-bench, and the effects of seal clearance and oil temperature on the flow velocity, leakage and friction torque are analyzed by numerically simulating. The calculation results show that the decrease of clearance leads to the decrease of outlet area and leakage. Although the variation of rotational speed has little effect on leakage, it can effectively alter the friction torque especially in the case of small seal clearance. By comparing the leakage of each outlet at different temperatures, it is found that the leakage increases drastically when the oil temperature is larger than 70℃.

The heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of airside plate fins of the condenser coil of a gravity-assisted heat pipe are numerically predicted. Based on these CFD computations, the optimization of the airside structure of the heat pipe is carried out by studying the influence of different geometry design variables on a combined heat exchanger evaluation function K, which can be changed by an engineer according to his application experience. In this work, one hundred of DOE’s points are sampled across the design space of the heat pipe based on the Latin Hypercube method. The Least Squares Fitting method is used to fit these sampled points to the RSM of the design space. The Mixed Integer Optimization Algorithm is used to explore the maximum specially-defined K on the Response Surface; and the corresponding optimal size and shape of the heat pipe are finally obtained. The optimization procedure is performed automatically by employing the optimizer-Optimus, grid generator-Gambit, and CFD solver-Fluent.

Abstract. The factors affected drag torque such as speed, oil temperature and clearance of friction pair are researched by test. The results indicate drag torque rises with increase of speed, drag torque reduces with increase of oil temperature and clearance of friction pair. The conclusion can be drawn which further research on drag torque of Hydro-viscous clutch should be carried on.

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