Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder that is often misdiagnosed and under-diagnosed in clinical settings. The 33-item Hypomania Checklist (HCL-33) is a newly developed self-administered scale for BD detection, while the 33-item Hypomania Checklist-external assessment (HCL-33-EA) is a version of the HCL-33 for external rating used by patient's carer (e.g., family member or friend). We aimed to compare the screening abilities between the HCL-33 and the HCL-33-EA, and evaluate the screening consistency between the two scales.Methods: The data were collected from 269 patients with diagnosed BD (n = 84) or major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 185). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve (AUC) between the HCL-33 and the HCL-33-EA for BD were compared against clinician diagnosis as the gold standard.Results: Using Youden's index, the optimal cut-off value of the HCL-33 is 20, while the corresponding figure for HCL-33-EA is 11. Using Youden's index, the HCL-33-EA showed a better performance than the HCL-33 (0.51 vs.0.41). The HCL-33-EA was more sensitive in correctly identifying BD patients from MDD patients than the HCL-33 (0.83 vs. 0.59), while the HCL-33 presented better specificity than the HCL-33-EA (0.82 vs. 0.68). There was significant screening consistency between the two scales (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Both scales have acceptable psychometric properties in detection BD from MDD. Use of the two scales should be considered based on the assessment purpose in clinical research or daily practice (i.e., prefer sensitivity or specificity). Noticeably, the current sample size is insufficient and future studies are recommended to further evaluate the scales.

Gas extraction cycle is too long in low-permeability coal seam. In order to solve the problem, the basic principle about gas drainage drilling for gas injection technology is studied to increase permeability. And the mathematical model is established. Gas is injected into the low-permeability coal seam by numerical simulation. The results indicate that the best condition is a negative pressure drainage at 26 kPa and a gas injection pressure at 0.6 MPa in the vertical direction and in the horizontal direction of the injection hole. In Shanxi Daping Coal Mine 3113 working face, the field test is implemented. As a result, the test is successful. During the 14 d gas injection constantly, gas content of coal seam is reduced from 12.33 m3/t to 7.12 m3/t, greatly reducing the risk of coal and gas outburst elimination time required.

Background The sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features of dementia patients in psychiatric hospitals have not been thoroughly studied in China. This study aimed to explore the psychiatric outpatient attendance of dementia patients at a psychiatric hospital in China, with particular emphasis on gender differences. Methods This retrospective study examined outpatients with dementia from January 2013 to August 2019 using data in the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (OMOP-CDM) in Beijing Anding Hospital. Age, sex, number of visits, use of drugs and comorbid conditions were extracted from medical records. Results Nine thousand four patients were recruited from a specific outpatient clinic of a hospital in Beijing, and the mean number of visits was 6.92. There were 3,433 (38.13%) male patients and 5,571 (61.87%) female patients. The most common comorbidities were generalized anxiety disorder, nonorganic insomnia, delusional disorder and depressive disorder. The proportion of patients using antidementia was the highest, with the rate of 68.3%, followed by benzodiazepines (48.83%), antipsychotics (45.43%), antidepressants (22.24%) and nonbenzodiazepines (19.96%). Patients with dementia showed a significant gender difference in average age (t = 6.36, P < 0.0001). Compared to male patients, female patients had a higher number of visits (7.40 ± 12.90 vs 6.15 ± 10.50, t = 4.81, P < 0.0001). There were significant differences in comorbidity composition between male and female patients (t = 23.09, P < 0.0001). Conclusions Our present findings suggested significant gender differences in the proportion of age, number of visits and comorbidity composition in outpatients with dementia.

Background: The sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features of dementia patients in psychiatric hospitals have not been well discussed in China. This study was to explore gender differences in outpatients with dementia from a psychiatric hospital in China.Methods: This retrospective study examined outpatients with dementia from January 2013 to August 2019 using data in the OMOP common data model (OMOP-CDM) in Beijing Anding Hospital. Age, sex, number of visits, use of drugs and comorbid conditions were recorded by medical records.Results: 9,004 patients were recruited, and the mean number of visits weas 6.92. There were 3,433 (38.13%) male patients and 5,571 (61.87%) female patients. The most common comorbidities were generalized anxiety disorder, nonorganic insomnia, delusional disorder and depressive disorder. The proportion of use of drugs was highest in antidementia (68.30%), followed by benzodiazepines (48.83%), antipsychotics (45.43%), antidepressants (22.24%) and nonbenzodiazepines (19.96%). Patients with dementia showed a significant gender difference in average age (t=6.36, P＜0.0001). Compared to male patients, female patients had a higher number of visits (7.40±12.90 vs 6.15±10.50, t=4.81, P＜0.0001). There were significant differences in comorbidity composition between male and female patients (t=23.09, P＜0.0001).Conclusions: Our present findings suggested significant gender differences in the proportion of age, number of visits and comorbidity composition in outpatients with dementia.