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a b s t r a c tPower grids have been studied as a typical example of real-world complex networks. Different from previous methods, this paper proposes a hybrid approach for structural vulnerability analysis of power transmission networks, in which a DC power flow model with hidden failures is embedded into the traditional error and attack tolerance methodology to form a new scheme for power grids vulnerability assessment and modeling. The new approach embodies some important characteristics of power transmission networks. Furthermore, the simulation on the standard IEEE 118 bus system demonstrates that a critical region might exist and when the power grid operates in the region, it is vulnerable to both random and intentional attacks. Finally, a brief theoretical analysis is presented to explain the new phenomena.

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Recently, game theory has been used to design optimized strategies for defending an electric power system against terrorist attacks. In this paper, we extend the current static model to a more generalized framework which includes several interaction models between defenders and attackers. A new criterion of reliable strategies for defending power systems has been derived. In addition, two effective allocation algorithms have been developed to seek reliable strategies for two types of defense tasks. The new criterion and algorithms are complementary to current security criteria and can provide useful information to assist decision-makers (governments), for protecting their power systems under possible terrorism threat. Numerical simulation examples using the proposed methods are given as well.

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