In this article, we introduce the application of rigorous analysis procedures to goal models to provide several beneÞts beyond the initial act of modeling. Such analysis can allow modelers to assess the satisfaction of goals, facilitate evaluation of high-level design alternatives, help analysts decide on the high-level requirements and design of the system, test the sanity of a model, and support communication and learning. The analysis of goal models can be done in very different ways depending on the nature of the model and the purpose of the analysis. In our work, we use the Goal-oriented Requirement Language (GRL), which is part of the User Requirements Notation (URN). URN, a new Recommendation of the International Telecommunications Union, provides the Þrst standard goal-oriented language. Using GRL, we develop an approach to analysis that can be done by evaluating qualitative or quantitative satisfaction levels of the actors and intentional elements (e.g., goals and tasks) composing the model. Initial satisfaction levels for some of the intentional elements are provided in a strategy and then propagated to the other intentional elements of the model through the various links that connect them. The results allow for an assessment of the relative effectiveness of design alternatives at the requirements level. Although no speciÞc propagation algorithm is imposed in the URN standard, different criteria for deÞning evaluation mechanisms are described. We provide three algorithms (quantitative, qualitative, and hybrid) as examples, which satisfy the constraints imposed by the standard. These algorithms have been implemented in the open-source jUCMNav tool, an Eclipse-based editor for URN models. The algorithms are presented and compared with the help of a telecommunication system example. C

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OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao. Abstract. Although model-driven engineering (MDE) is now an established approach for developing complex software systems, it has not been universally adopted by the software industry. In order to better understand the reasons for this, as well as to identify future opportunities for MDE, we carried out a week-long design thinking experiment with 15 MDE experts. Participants were facilitated to identify the biggest problems with current MDE technologies, to identify grand challenges for society in the near future, and to identify ways that MDE could help to address these challenges. The outcome is a reflection of the current strengths of MDE, an outlook of the most pressing challenges for society at large over the next three decades, and an analysis of key future MDE research opportunities.

The User Requirements Notation (URN), standardized by the International Telecommunication Union in 2008, is used to model and analyze requirements with goals and scenarios. This paper describes the first ten years of development of URN, and discusses ongoing efforts targeting the next ten years. We did a study inspired by the systematic literature review approach, querying five major search engines and using the existing URN Virtual Library. Based on the 281 scientific publications related to URN we collected and analyzed, we observe a shift from a more conventional use of URN for telecommunications and reactive systems to business process management and aspect-oriented modeling, with relevant extensions to the language being proposed. URN also benefits from a global and active research community, although industrial contributions are still sparse. URN is now a leading language for goal-driven and scenario-oriented modeling with a promising future for many application domains.

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Abstract. In November 1999, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T, SG 17) initiated a question on the standardization of a User Requirements Notation (URN) for complex reactive, distributed, and dynamic systems and applications. URN is intended to be standardized by September 2003. This paper presents the motivations behind URN, its objectives, and the current proposal that combines two complementary languages. The first one, GRL (Goaloriented Requirement Language), is used to describe business goals, nonfunctional requirements, alternatives, and rationales. The second one, UCM (Use Case Maps), enables the description of functional requirements as causal scenarios. The introduction of URN is likely to impact the development ans use of other SG 17 languages (especially MSC and SDL) as well as OMG's UML. This paper briefly explores several relations between these languages as well as potential for synergy and coordination.