In this paper the potential impact of digital transformation in general and digital twin applications on the Product Management Process (PMP) in particular will be investigated. The object is to figure out the potential benefits of digital twin utilization. Methodologically, a conceptual and analytical approach are applied in using statistical data, surveys, latest literature and logical conclusions. Thus, the approach is twofold: from the conceptual point of view the different types of digital twins are introduced; from the analytical point of view different applications in different stages of the PMP will be subject to investigation. So, this paper can be categorized as conceptual paper based on an extensive literature research. The findings of research revealed that the digital transformation can offer various benefits for the PMP. It can be summarized that in all phases of the PMP potential benefits can be identified. The most important is saving time and money, avoiding waste of physical resources and simultaneously raising quality, reliability and competitive advantage. Regarding the originality value it can be stated that this is the first comprehensive examination of the entire PMP with regard to digital transformation in order to identify sources of potential benefits.
The new equity regulations of Basel III are more restrictive. Therefore the research objective of this article is to show the impact of equity regulations and to provide a proposal for professional preparation for the rating procedure for credit seeking companies. The research method applied is to give an overview of the relevant equity
Marketing automation platforms are an efficient tool for the collection, analysis and the processing of customer information. As a consequence, they are a highly relevant aspect of modern marketing, both for the practical and academic discussion. The rising demand implicates a more complex vendor landscape, whereby the comparison and selection of marketing technology are getting increasingly difficult. This article is an analytical and conceptual paper. The research question deals with the identification of indicators regarding the selection of a suitable marketing automation platform. Initially, the increasing necessity of marketing technology is pointed out. A general understanding of marketing automation as relevant subarea of marketing technology will be enabled. For this reason, a definition, relevant features as well as chances and risks are presented on the basis of a critical literature research. A holistic decision model for choosing a marketing automation solution complements the basic information and shows a selection procedure as well as the most essential selection and evaluation indicators. The specific contribution for academic discussion is twofold: Firstly, the key aspects of marketing automation are presented, and its basics are introduced. Secondly, this paper describes a framework that serves as recommendation and orientation for the selection process of marketing automation platforms and marketing technology.
The new prudential standards implemented by the Basel Committee treat banks' capital as a foundation for safety. The appropriate level of bank's capital helps to manage all kinds of risks with the special attendance on credit risk. The adequate capital base enables absorbing losses and maintaining bank's stability. The necessity to fulfill the capital requirements influences banks' credit policy and, as a result, the access to companies' external financing. The main purpose of the paper is to present the impact of the capital requirements implemented by Basel Committee (Basel III requirements) on companies' access to external finance. The paper discusses the changes in credit standards, the companies' external financing and formulates the prerequisites for the further development of companies' external financing. The paper contains the empirical data for largest European euro area countries regarding the GDP.
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