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Aim To in detail delineate sex differences in non-small cell lung cancer outcome and investigate possible underlying drivers. Methods We performed a nationwide, population-based cohort study using data on all incident cases of lung squamous cell carcinoma (n = 10,325) and adenocarcinoma (n = 23,465) recorded in the Swedish Lung Cancer Register in 2002–2016. Flexible parametric models were applied to compute adjusted female-to-male hazard ratios (aHRs) and standardized survival proportions over follow-up including age, calendar year, education, marital status, birth country, health care region, performance status, smoking history, comorbidities, and tumor location in the final model. Results Women presented with better performance status, were younger, and more often never-smokers. Women with adenocarcinoma also had lower comorbidity burden, less advanced stage, and were more often EGFR positive. Men with adenocarcinoma had a consistently poorer lung cancer-specific survival across stage; HR 0.69; 95% CI 0.63–0.76 (stage IA-IIB) to 0.94; 95% CI 0.88–0.99 (stage IIIB-IV), remaining largely unchanged after adjustments; aHR 0.74; 95% CI 0.66–0.82 to 0.84; 95% CI 0.81–0.87. The same pattern was observed in squamous cell carcinoma, except in stage IIIA disease, where we found no sex differences in survival. Conclusions Men with non-small cell lung cancer have a consistently poorer prognosis, even after careful adjustments for a wide range of prognostic factors. While the pattern was similar in both squamous cell and adenocarcinoma, it was larger and more consistent in the latter.

Objectives To examine possible associations between socioeconomic status, management and survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods In a population-based cohort study, information was retrieved from the Regional Lung Cancer Register in central Sweden, the Cause of Death Register and a social database. ORs and HRs were compared to assess associations between educational level and management and survival.

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SummaryBackground Survival and prognostic factors for thin melanomas have been studied relatively little in population-based settings. This patient group accounts for the majority of melanomas diagnosed in western countries today, and better prognostic information is needed. Objectives The aim of this study was to use established prognostic factors such as ulceration, tumour thickness and Clark's level of invasion for risk stratification of T1 cutaneous melanoma. Methods From 1990 to 2008, the Swedish Melanoma Register included 97% of all melanomas diagnosed in Sweden. Altogether, 13 026 patients with T1 melanomas in clinical stage I were used for estimating melanoma-specific 10-and 15-year mortality rates. The Cox regression model was used for further survival analysis on 11 165 patients with complete data. Results Ulceration, tumour thickness and Clark's level of invasion all showed significant, independent, long-term prognostic information. By combining these factors the patients could be subdivided into three risk groups: a low-risk group (67AE9% of T1 cases) with a 10-year melanoma-specific mortality rate of 1AE5% (1AE2-1AE9%); an intermediate-risk group (28AE6% of T1 cases) with a 10-year mortality rate of 6AE1% (5AE0-7AE3%); and a high-risk group (3AE5% of T1 cases) with a 10-year mortality rate of 15AE6% (11AE2-21AE4%). The high-and intermediate-risk groups accounted for 66% of melanoma deaths within T1. Conclusions Using a population-based melanoma register, and combining ulceration, tumour thickness and Clark's level of invasion, three distinct prognostic subgroups were identified.