Oryza sativa Linn. (rice) and Corchorus capsularis Linn. (jute) are the two major crops of the Bengal basin. Both rice and jute are generally grown in submerged flooded conditions, where arsenic bioavailability is high in soil. The consumers of the edible parts from both plants therefore face an inevitable source of exposure to arsenic, with consequent accumulation and toxicity. The objective of the study was to observe the in-vivo temporal variation of arsenic bioaccumulation in the different parts of O. sativa and C. capsularis. Rice plant specimens (Aman rice, Ratna variety) of different age groups (1, 2 and 3 months old) were analyzed in HG-AAS for absorbed arsenic content in different parts. The accumulation of arsenic remained significantly high in the initial phase of growth, but decreased with time. Amount of arsenic bioaccumulation followed the decreasing order: root > basal stem > median stem > apical stem > leaves > grains in all the three age groups of the rice plant samples. C. capsularis followed a trend of arsenic bioaccumulation similar to O. sativa. O. sativa had more accumulation potential than C. capsularis, but C. capsularis showed much higher efficiency of arsenic translocation in the above ground parts. This is the first ever report of time-dependent decrease in arsenic bioaccumulation in O. sativa and C. capsularis. The contamination level can reach the grain part in significant amount and can cause health hazards in more severely arsenic affected areas. Intensive investigation on a complete food chain is urgently needed in the arsenic contaminated zones for further risk assessments.
Oryza sativa Linn. (rice) and Corchorus capsularis Linn. (jute) are the two major crops of the Bengal basin. Both rice and jute are generally grown in submerged flooded conditions, where arsenic bioavailability is high in soil. The consumers of the edible parts from both plants therefore face an inevitable source of exposure to arsenic, with consequent accumulation and toxicity. The objective of the study was to observe the in-vivo temporal variation of arsenic bioaccumulation in the different parts of O. sativa and C. capsularis. Rice plant specimens (Aman rice, Ratna variety) of different age groups (1, 2 and 3 months old) were analyzed in HG-AAS for absorbed arsenic content in different parts. The accumulation of arsenic remained significantly high in the initial phase of growth, but decreased with time. Amount of arsenic bioaccumulation followed the decreasing order: root > basal stem > median stem > apical stem > leaves > grains in all the three age groups of the rice plant samples. C. capsularis followed a trend of arsenic bioaccumulation similar to O. sativa. O. sativa had more accumulation potential than C. capsularis, but C. capsularis showed much higher efficiency of arsenic translocation in the above ground parts. This is the first ever report of time-dependent decrease in arsenic bioaccumulation in O. sativa and C. capsularis. The contamination level can reach the grain part in significant amount and can cause health hazards in more severely arsenic affected areas. Intensive investigation on a complete food chain is urgently needed in the arsenic contaminated zones for further risk assessments.
Background: The study investigated the extent of soil arsenic (As) contamination in agricultural plots in Bengal Delta through contaminated groundwater irrigation. Edaphic levels of As and oxidizable organic carbon (OOC) were tested along a depth gradient (0 to 160 ft) in agricultural plots. Methods: Soil samples were collected from surface up to 160 feet depth at every 5 feet. By boreholes drilling and soil arsenic was estimated in ICP-MS. The analysis for estimation of soil OOC was performed. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA to determine significant differences between groups at P<0.05.Results: Concentration of As in soil was observed to be highest in surface soil, then decreased with increasing depth till about 40 ft, after which the concentration remained constant. Similar trends were noted for OOC. OOC showed significant (P < 0.05) positive correlations with the As levels. Conclusion:Natural organic matter may enhance the release of As from soils and sediments into the soil solution, and thus can help in As leaching into the groundwater. Detailed investigation of the soil profile and the extent of bioaccumulation in the edible crops are urgently needed in those arsenic-contaminated areas.
Arsenic (As) is a metalloid that causes severe water pollution due to its extravagant toxicity. Ceriodaphnia dubia, a freshwater crustacean, was selected as a model system to evaluate the degree of time and dosage dependent acute toxicity caused by pentavalent As [As(V)]. C. dubia were collected from a natural pond and treated with different concentrations of As(V) for 24 hours and 48 hours. For both 24 hours and 48 hours treatment periods, the mortality rates were increased significantly ( P< 0.05) with increase in As(V) concentrations. Simultaneously, it was also observed that As(V) -induced mortality in C. dubia also depended on the time of exposure to the metalloid. We propose this model as a low-cost technique towards rapid screening of water quality in relation to As contamination.
Arsenic (As) is a metalloid that causes severe water pollution due to its extravagant toxicity. Ceriodaphnia dubia, a freshwater crustacean, was selected as a model system to evaluate the degree of time and dosage dependent acute toxicity caused by pentavalent As [As(V)]. C. dubia were collected from a natural pond and treated with different concentrations of As(V) for 24 hours and 48 hours. For both 24 hours and 48 hours treatment periods, the mortality rates were increased significantly ( P< 0.05) with increase in As(V) concentrations. Simultaneously, it was also observed that As(V) - induced mortality in C. dubia also depended on the time of exposure to the metalloid. We propose this model as a low-cost technique towards rapid screening of water quality in relation to As contamination.
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