The intention of this article is to explore the entropy generation of the Carreau hybrid nanofluid in a permeable rotating disk in the presence of thermal radiation, heat generation, and viscous dissipation. By applying the self-similarity variables, the partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations and then the homotopy perturbation method is performed. Graphene oxide (Go) and Silver (Ag) are nanoparticles and kerosene oil as a base fluid is considered. Compared to the numerical technique (Runge-Kutta method), the homotopy perturbation method generates more precise and dependable results. The influence of sundry parameters is exhibited graphically for velocity, temperature, entropy generation, Bejan number, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number. The higher values of the Weissenberg number enhance the velocity profile and the opposite nature is observed in the porosity parameter. The entropy generation increases for larger values of the thermal radiation and electric field parameters. Carreau nanofluid expands under higher stress on the surface of the wall than Newtonian fluid. This type of problem would be used for electric devices and solar thermal systems. Moreover, the selected nanoparticles Graphene oxide and Silver play an important role in the biofunctionalization of protein, antibacterial, and anticancer therapy.
The goal of this paper is to identify the consequences of Darcy–Forchheimer flow (DFF) on electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of graphene oxide–iron oxide hybrid nanofluid over a rotating disk in a porous medium with viscous dissipation. The set of obtained ordinary differential equations had been solved with the corresponding boundary conditions using a numerical method called fourth-order Runge–Kutta method along with the shooting technique. The impact of the pertinent parameters on the dimensionless flow and temperature field profiles is shown using graphs. Also the nondimensional skin friction factor is stated in tabular form. The results state that as there is an increase in the value of porosity parameter, the velocity profile then diminishes. As shown in the outcomes, we accomplish that in this modeling, platelets have higher influence than the blade, brick, and cylinder. Due to nanoparticles, graphene oxide–iron oxide nanocomposite exhibits anti-microbial capabilities. These studies suggest that graphene oxide–iron oxide nanocomposite may be used to remove natural solvents and water filter.
The pro ciency of hybrid nanoparticles in increasing heat transfer has impressed many researchers to analyze the working of those uids further. The current work studies the impact of entropy generation on electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) hybrid nano uid (copper-aluminum oxide) ow over a rotating disk in the presence of the porous medium, Darcy-Forchheimer, heat generation, viscous dissipation, and thermal radiation. By applying the self-similarity variables, the partial di erential equations are converted into ordinary di erential equations. After that, the dimensionless equations are numerically solved using the Runge-Kutta (R-K) technique, and the comparison is made between the numerical technique (R-K method) and the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), where HPM yields a more e ective and dependable conclusion. To highlight their physical signi cance, unique characteristic graphs are shown for the pro les of velocity, temperature, entropy generation, and Bejan number, along with a suitable explanation. The hybrid nano uid velocity decreases with larger values of the magnetic parameter, but the velocity pro le increases with the higher electric eld. The ndings are novel and innovative, with several modern industrial applications, and the results are in excellent concurrence with the relevant literature. Applications of the current research are refrigeration, electronics, heat exchangers, and lubricants.
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