Local governments (Pemda) are given the authority to regulate and manage their own households according to the principles of autonomy and assistance tasks. laws and regulations governing local governments through the principles of decentralization, deconcentration and co-administration can be used as indicators of the size of the regional authority in regulating and managing their household affairs. The greater the application of the principle of decentralization to the regions, according to Article 11 paragraph 1 of Law Number 32 of 2004, among others, based on externality, accountability and efficiency by taking into account the harmony of relations between government structures. (2) Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government states that government affairs under the authority of regional governments consist of mandatory and other matters. Article 13 paragraph 1 point n of Law Number 32 of 2004 states that mandatory affairs under the authority of the provincial government are affairs on a provincial scale which include investment administration services, including across districts/cities. In Article 14 paragraph 1 point n of Law Number 32 of 2004 it is stated that the obligatory affairs to become the authority of the regional government for regencies/municipalities are district/city-scale affairs covering administrative services and investment.
Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) adalah hak setiap individu yang harus dijaga serta dihormati oleh setiap orang. Di Indonesia, hak asasi masnusia dinyatakan di dalam UUD 1945 Pasca-amandemen. Di antara semua pasal, pada Pasal Pasal 6 ayat 1 menjelaskan tentang Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anggota TNI menurut Undang-undang Hak Asasi Manusia (Studi Kasus Gerakan Separatis Organisasi Papua Merdeka) di UUD menjelaskanbahwa TNI berperan sebagai alat Negara di bidang Pertahanan adalah termasuk dalam kategori Hak Asasi Manusia yang berhak didapatkan oleh setiap warga negara Indonesia. Prinsip utama yaitu: hak perlindungan jiwa (hak hidup), Penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif. undangan RI, dimana setiap bentuk pelanggaran HAM baik yang dilakukan oleh seseorang, kelompok atau suatu instansi atau bahkan suatu Negara akan diadili dalam pelaksanaan peradilan HAM, pengadilan HAM menempuh proses pengadilan melalui hukum acara peradilan HAM sebagaimana terdapat dalam Undang-Undang pengadilan HAM.Sebagai makhluk sosial kita harus mampu mempertahankan dan memperjuangkan HAM kita sendiri. Di samping itu kita juga harus bisa menghormati dan menjaga HAM orang lain jangan sampai kita melakukan pelanggaran HAM. Jadi dalam menjaga HAM kita harus mampu mengimbangi antara HAM kita dengan HAM orang lain. Mewujudkan Hak Asasi Manusia dengan baik memang tidak mudah, perlu adanya usaha dari setiap individu. Yang paling utama, tentu saja diperlukan adanya niat untuk memahami nilai-nilai pancasila yang ditetapkan. Baik dari individu, keluarga, masyarakat bangsa dan Negara. Mempraktekkan nilai-nilai tersebut secara terus-menerus atau membiasakannya, sehingga tidak ada lagi pelanggaran kepada Hak Asasi Manusia. Dengan demikian, Hak Asasi Manusia pun dapat terlaksana dengan baik.
Initially State-owned enterprises (BUMN) was the result of the nationalization of ex-foreign (Dutch) companies which were later designated as state companies. Then with Law no. 1 Prp 1969 formed the division of 3 types of forms of State-Owned Enterprises into Service Companies (Perjan), Public Companies (Perum) and Persero. This division was formed in accordance with the duties, functions and mission of the business at that time. Thus the first task of the state by forming business entities is to meet all the needs of society, when these sectors cannot be carried out by the private sector. BUMN as a company that obtains State Equity Participation is intended for a form of business that provides high-quality goods and services so that it has competitiveness in the domestic market or international market, and its main objective is to pursue profits to increase company value. The formulation of the problems discussed are: 1) What is the meaning of people's welfare in the management of BUMN in the perspective of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia? and 2) What are the problems in achieving people's welfare through the management of BUMN? Based on the research results, the authors conclude that the problem of achieving people's welfare through the management of BUMN still has a negative impression on the performance of BUMN operating in various economic sectors. BUMN are accused of being business entities that are inefficient and have low profitability. This condition is strongly influenced by the orientation of the establishment of BUMN, which initially prioritized meeting public needs and improving people's welfare compared to profit (profitability). In order to play their role optimally, BUMN can no longer operate solely to meet public needs, due to demands from the business environment in the globalization era for BUMN management to be more competitive so as to be able to provide public facilities with better quality and prices that are affordable to the people.
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