The authors present two cases of dural arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) that developed at the site of previous suboccipital craniectomies. No other cases of delayed postoperative dural AVM's have been reported. Congenital and acquired dural AVM's are discussed, with reference to the similarity between postoperative dural AVM's and traumatic dural AVM's. Embolization is recommended in selected cases where the arterial supply is primarily from the external carotid system.
Evidence supports the hypothesis that autoimmune mechanisms are operational in the etiopathogenesis of certain neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs), including paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis (PEM) and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD). The antibodies (Anti-Hu and Anti-Yo), the antigens (Hu and Yo), and complementary DNA clones encoding Hu and Yo, central to PEM and PCD, respectively, have been isolated. In contrast, the antigens, and antibodies if any, involved in autoimmune cochleovestibular dysfunction remain unknown. The temporal bone histopathology and neuropathology of 2 patients, 1 with PEM and 1 with PCD, who developed signs and symptoms of cochleovestibular dysfunction, are reviewed and contrasted to the literature. It is concluded that both auditory and vestibular symptomatology and pathologic alterations can be seen in association with neurologic PNSs and that studies using the antigens and antibodies involved in neurologic PNSs may provide a new perspective on the investigation of autoimmune cochleovestibular dysfunction.
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