In Turkey, 2009 H1N1 infection caused high mortality and PICU admission due to severe respiratory illness and complications, especially in children with an underlying condition.

Sepsis, defined as an infection with irregular host response that causes life-threatening organ dysfunction, continues to have a high potential for morbidity and mortality in children. 1 Paediatric sepsis is the most common cause of paediatric death worldwide and results in an estimated 7.5 million deaths per year. 2,3 Severe paediatric sepsis is a life-threatening condition that is widely monitored and treated in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) worldwide. [2][3][4] Severe sepsis is defined as infection plus infection-induced organ dysfunction; in children, it is characterised by the presence of sepsis and cardiovascular or respiratory dysfunction or dysfunction in two or more organs (neurological, hepatic, hematologic or renal). The prevalence of severe sepsis in PICUs has been reported to be between 2% and 3% in developed countries 5,6 and between 18% and 46% in developing countries. 7,8 In a study conducted in southwest China, the mortality

Background and Objective The aim of this multicenter retrospective study was to determine the clinical characteristics, treatment approaches and the course of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) which developed associated with the influenza virus in the 2019–20 season. Methods Patients included 1 month to 18 years who were diagnosed with PARDS associated with the influenza virus in the 2019–20 season. Results Sixty-seven patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 64.16 ± 6.53 months, with 60% of the group <5 years. Influenza A was determined in 54 (80.5%) patients and Influenza B in 13 (19.5%). The majority of patients (73.1%) had a comorbidity. Fifty-eight (86.6%) patients were applied with invasive mechanical ventilation, Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference classification was mild in 5 (8.6%), moderate in 22 (37.9%) and severe in 31 (52.5%) patients. Ventilation was applied in the prone position to 40.3% of the patients, and in nonconventional modes to 24.1%. A total of 22 (33%) patients died, of which 4 had been previously healthy. Of the surviving 45 patients, 38 were discharged without support and 7 patients with a new morbidity. Conclusion Both Influenza A and Influenza B cause severe PARDS with similar characteristics and at high rates. Influenza-related PARDS cause 33% mortality and 15.5% morbidity among the study group. Healthy children, especially those aged younger than 5 years, are also at risk.

This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) propensity of common respiratory viruses in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) among hospitalized children who were tested for respiratory viruses by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Respiratory tract samples were collected from patients who were followed up in the Dokuz Eylul University Hospital pediatric intensive care unit between March 2015 and March 2020 and tested for viral pathogens. The results of 269 patients between 1 month and 18 years of age were evaluated retrospectively. In the 5 years preceding the COVID-19 pandemic, 269 patients with a lower respiratory infection were admitted to the PICU. A positive viral PCR result was detected in 160 patients (59.5%). Human rhinovirus was the most common virus (40%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (26.3%), human bocavirus (10%), and seasonal coronaviruses (10%). Five (33.3%) of the fifteen children who developed ARDS were infected with influenza A/B, while four (26.7%) were infected with human metapneumovirus (hMPV).Although rhinovirus was the most common viral agent in critically ill children, the incidence of ARDS was higher in children aged over 1 year who had influenza or hMPV infection.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between peritonitis attacks and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene polymorphism in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Method: Codon 54 polymorphism found in exon 1 of the MBL gene was investigated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in 45 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Results: The frequency of the mutant B allele was not significantly higher in the patient group (4.4%) than the control group (2.1%). The AB genotype was found at a rate of 15.6% and 34% in the patient group and healthy control group, respectively. The AA genotype was found in 80% of children who underwent peritoneal dialysis and 63.8% of the healthy control group. Conclusion: In our study, no relationship was found between peritonitis attacks and MBL gene polymorphism in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.