The features of the accumulation of heavy metals in medicinal plant raw materials Tanacetum vulgare L. in the conditions of the Trans-Urals region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are discussed. The variation-statistical indices of the content of heavy metals in soils and in plants are calculated. Soils and plants have high coefficients of heavy metals variation, with the exception of manganese in the soil, which is characterized by moderate variability. An increased level of heavy metals mobile forms, such as Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cd, has been detected in all soil samples. All selected samples had an elevated level of mobile forms. According to the degree of contamination, the studied soils were classified as permissible. In tansy plants, the concentration of trace elements-biophiles exceeded the norm in Fe 1.7–6.24, in Cd 1.3–1.7 times, and the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb in the aboveground and underground parts of the species remained within the normal range. It is revealed that the root system of Tanacetum vulgare L. contains higher values of the studied elements than the aerial parts. According to the intensity of absorption, the elements are arranged in the following sequence: Zn → Cd → Cu → Fe → Mn → Pb. According to the coefficient of biological accumulation in tansy, ordinary zinc and iron belong to the elements of weak accumulation, copper, manganese, lead, cadmium –to the elements of weak capture.
Цель исследования – изучение способности растений Artemisia absinthium L., произрастающих на территории геохимической провинции Зауральской зоны Республики Башкортостан, накапливать тяжелые металлы (ТМ). Исследование проведено на территории пос. Бурибай Хайбуллинского района Республики Башкортостан (зона техногенного загрязнения) и с. Аскарово Абзелиловского района (условно «чистая зона»). Определение содержания ТМ в почвах и растениях проводили методом атомной абсорбции. Выявлено, что почвы пос. Бурибай загрязнены Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd. В то же время в почвах с.Аскарово содержание ТМ (кроме Mn и Cd) ниже регионального геохимического фона. Показано, что на содержание всех изученных ТМ в растениях в целом влияет уровень загрязнения почв: чем выше содержание ТМ в почве, тем в большей степени они накапливаются в растениях полыни. В то же время на распределение ТМ по органам растений уровень загрязнения оказывает меньшее воздействие: барьерная функция корневой системы по отношению к Cu, Fe и Mn проявляется у всех исследуемых растений независимо от места их произрастания. Что касается Zn и Cd, то эти токсичные металлы накапливаются в надземной части растений полыни, произрастающих как на загрязненной, так и на фоновой территории. The aim of this work was to study the ability of Artemisia absinthium L. plants growing in the geochemical province of the Trans-Ural zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan to accumulate heavy metals (HM). The study was carried out on the territory of the village Buribai Khaibullinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan (zone of technogenic pollution) and on the territory of the village Askarovo, Abzelilovsky district (conditionally «clean zone»). Determination of the HM content in soils and plants was carried out by atomic absorption. It was revealed that the soils of the village Buribai contaminated with Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd. At the same time, in the soils of the village Askarovo, the content of HMs (except for Mn and Cd) is lower than the regional geochemical background. It was shown that the content of all studied HMs in plants as a whole is affected by the level of soil pollution: the higher the content of HMs in the soil, the more they accumulate in Artemisia absinthium L. At the same time, the distribution of HMs in plant organs is less affected: the barrier function of the root system with respect to Cu, Fe and Mn is manifested in all studied plants, regardless of their place of growth. As for Zn and Cd, these toxic metals accumulate in the aerial parts of Artemisia absinthium L. plants growing in both contaminated and relatively clean areas.
This paper discusses the features of the heavy metals content in medicinal plant raw materials Cichorium intybus L. in the conditions of the Trans-Ural region of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Variational and statistical indicators of the heavy metals content in soils and plants are calculated. The coefficients of variation of gross and mobile forms of heavy metals in soils are high (above 21%), the exception was the gross form of Fe, which is characterized by low variation (up to 10%). The content of gross forms of heavy metals in soils exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations of Cu (18 times), Zn (13 times), Cd (2 times), Co (1,2 times) in the sample area 2, and Mn (1,2 times) and Cu (2,5 times) in the sample area 3. The content of mobile forms of Fe and Pb in soils did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. The samples had an increased level of mobile forms in Cu (39 times), Zn (2,1-4,3 times), Ni (1,12 times), Mn (2,3-2,6 times), Co (1,3-1,5 times), Cd (2,1-5,7 times). The degree of mobility of heavy metals in soils decreases in the series Pb Co Cd Zn Mn Cu Ni Fe. According to the degree of Zc contamination, the studied soils were classified as permissible (Zc from 0,2 to 5,2), with the exception of sample area 2, which was classified as highly hazardous (Zc up to 48,2). The level of contamination of the soil cover is minimal, and the environmental situation is relatively satisfactory (Zc from 0,2 to 5,2), with the exception of test area 2, where the level of pollution is high and the environmental situation is critical (Zc up to 48,2). Plants of Cichorium intybus L. are contaminated with Ni, Cd, Fe, and concentrations of Pb and Mn in plants did not exceed the maximum permissible levels. The most absorbed elements were Fe (25,7) and Cu (65,4), which belonged to the group of elements of energetic accumulation (accumulation index 10), Ni (8,9), Pb (4,7), Zn (2,2), Cd (2,06), Co (1,1), and Mn (1,06) related to a group of elements of strong accumulation (accumulation index from 1 to 10). In plants of Cichorium intybus L. Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cd, Co are distributed by acropetal type (acropetal coefficient 1,0), and Zn and Pb are distributed by basipetal type (acropetal coefficient 1,0). The value of biogeochemical activity in the plant Cichorium intybus L. varies from 47,4 to 728,3.
This paper studies the content of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd - metals-toxicants and Fe) in the surface natural waters of small rivers on the western slope of the Irendik ridge in the Baimak District of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The western slope of the Irendik ridge from Lake Talkas to Lake Grafskoe is characterized by the absence of significant anthropogenic sources of environmental pollution in contrast to the eastern slope of the Irendik ridge at the same latitude. The studied rivers are located on this section of the western slope and are left tributaries of the upper reaches of the Tanalyk River. It is these small rivers that determine the chemical composition of the water in the upper section of the Tanalyk River. The content of heavy metals in the waters was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. For the environmental assessment of waters, the multiplicity of exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations of heavy metals for fisheries reservoirs was used. The studies have shown that in the waters of small rivers on the western slope of the Irendik ridge there is an increased content of a number of heavy metals, namely copper, iron, zinc, lead and cadmium. Increased concentrations of heavy metals in the waters of the studied rivers are caused by geochemical factors.
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