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-This study was performed to determine the effect of shell colour in eggs acquired from Ross-308 broiler breeders on the interior and exterior quality of the egg, the antibody content of the egg yolk, and growth performance. The shell colours of a total of 1350 eggs were classified, using a colorimeter, into three groups: dark (E<64), medium (E:64.00-67.00), and light (E>67). The difference between groups with respect to egg weight, shape index, shell weight, and Haugh unit value was significant. Egg yolk antibody content (IgY) was 6.658 mg/mL in the dark colour group, 5.130 mg/mL in the medium colour group, and 5.242 mg/mL in the light colour group. Among incubation characteristics, the fertility rate as, in order, 94.66%, 92.14%, and 87.92% in dark, medium, and light shell colour eggs, and the hatchability was 87.00%, 84.28%, and 80.57%, in the same order. No significant difference was observed between groups with respect to hatchability of fertile eggs and embryonic mortality rates. No significant difference was observed between groups for live weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio either. The eggshell colour has an effect on yolk antibody content and on the hatchability, but it has no influence on hatchability of fertile eggs, Haugh unit and growth performance.

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-This study was carried out to investigate the effects of eggshell colour and spot properties (colour and size of the spot area) on eggshell incubation temperature and hatching outcomes of Japanese quail eggs (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Study material was allocated to five groups according to their eggshell and spot colours: black spots on greyish white coloured eggshell (I), blue spots on greyish white coloured eggshell (II), diffuse brown spots on greyish brown coloured eggshell (III), brown spots on light green coloured eggshell (IV), and small brown spots on greyish brown coloured eggshell (V). The size of the spotted area was determined in each egg group using digital image analysis. Mean relative weight losses of hatched and unhatched eggs between days 0-10 and 0-14 of embryonic development were 4.76% and 10.48% and 9.17% and 15.46%, respectively. The mean eggshell temperatures of hatched and unhatched eggs measured at the equatorial region on days 10 and 14 during embryonic development were 36.92 and 37.79 ºC and 36.84 and 37.18 ºC, respectively. Eggshell temperatures at the equatorial region on days 10 (36.89 ºC) and 14 (37.57 ºC) of embryonic development were lower than the fixed temperature of the incubator (37.6 ºC). Fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs, and hatchability and embryonic mortality rates do not vary in relation to eggshell colour or the size of the spotted area.

-This study was carried out to investigate the effects of eggshell colour and spot properties (colour and size of the spot area) on growth performance and carcass traits of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. Study material were allocated to five groups according to their eggshell and spot colours: black spots on greyish white coloured eggshell (I), blue spots on greyish white coloured eggshell (II), diffuse brown spots on greyish brown coloured eggshell (III), brown spots on light green colored eggshell (IV), and small brown spots on greyish brown coloured eggshell (V). The size of the spotted area was determined in each egg group using digital image analysis. The groups did not differ for body weight and length of the shank at the end of the growth period. However, the groups differed significantly for carcass yield after slaughter (not eviscerated) and carcass yield. These parameters were highest in Group I (82.08 and 76.09%) and lowest in Group III (80.20 and 73.86%). Digital image analysis demonstrated that heart length, cardiac fat area, gizzard width, and intestine length varied between the groups. Cardiac fat area was largest in Group III (0.86 cm 2 ) and smallest in Group V (0.65 cm 2 ). Gizzard width was greatest in Group I (2.63 cm) and smallest in Group V (2.47 cm). Intestine length was greatest in Group V (78.45 cm) and smallest in Group IV (72.39 cm). Body weight, shank length, and slaughter and carcass weight do not vary in relation to eggshell colour or the size of the spotted area. The lengths of intestine and heart, gizzard width, and cardiac fat area do vary in relation to eggshell colour or the size of the spotted area.

The internal and external quality characteristics of the hatching eggs stored in yellow feather colored Japanese quails at the ages of 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 weeks in 7 and 14 days were investigated. Methods and Results: Trial material eggs were obtained from yellow quail colored quail in 7 different age periods between 8 and 32 weeks old. External and internal quality characteristics of 75 eggs for each storage period (0, 7 and 14 days) and 1575 eggs for 7 different age periods were determined. Results changed according to storage periods. The effect of age on egg weight was found to be significant. The shape index decreased with increasing age. The interaction between bird age, storage time and age x storage time on white index was found significant. Haugh unit was affected by storage period and bird age. The yellow index value of control group which was not was significantly lower than 7 and 14 days storage period groups. Storage period, age and interaction between storage period and age was significantly affected albumen ratio. Yolk ratio changed by age. Yolk index value decreased. Shell weight per unit surface area varied with storage time and animal age. The effect of storage time has become insignificant. Conclusions: The effects of breeder age, storage period and environmental factors on egg internal and external quality characteristics of Japanese egg quail in yellow feathers were found to be significant. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study is expected to provide information for further studies.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of transportation from breeder's farm to hatchery, and of storage duration on the hatchability of quail eggs. Hatching eggs were divided into two groups. The first group was stored for seven days and the second for 14 days. Half of each group was subjected to 200 km transportation before initiation of embryonic development, and the other half was not transported. Relative weight loss ratios varied significantly with storage duration, but did not vary after transportation. Hatchability of fertile eggs varied with storage duration and transportation, but only the effects of storage x transportation were found to be significant. Embryonic mortality for the first period of 14-day storage (22.1%) was significantly higher than those stored for seven days. In the second period (days 10-16), embryonic mortality ratios varied significantly with storage and transportation. Transportation after 7-day storage influenced the hatchability of fertile eggs negatively, compared with non-transported eggs stored for seven days. On the other hand, transportation after long-term storage had a higher hatchability of the fertile eggs than the non-transported eggs stored for the long time. These findings suggest that the vibration through transportation over the secondary road after long-term storage influenced the embryonic development of hatching eggs positively. Thus, the discarded chick ratio of the long-term + transport group was lower than short-term + transport group, and improved the hatchability of fertile eggs.

Bu çalışma, Hatay ili kırsalında halk elinde yetiştirilen pekin ördeklerine ait yumurtaların matematiksel formüller kullanılarak bazı iç ve dış kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 417 adet pekin ördeği yumurtası kullanılmış ve tartımla bireysel yumurta ağırlık değerleri baz alınarak matematiksel formüller yardımıyla yumurta boyu ve eni, yumurta yüzey alanı, yumurta kabuk ağırlığı ve kalınlığı, gözenek sayısı, yumurta sarı oranı değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Determination of The Egg Quality Characteristics with Mathematical Formulas in Pekin Ducks Grown in Public Farms A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Research ArticleReceived 23 June 2017 Accepted 02 October 2017This study was carried out with the aim of determining some internal and external quality characteristics of pekin duck eggs grown by families living in rural Hatay province by using mathematical formulas. In the study, 417 pekin duck eggs were used and with the help of mathematical formulas based on individual egg weight values, egg length and width, egg surface area, egg shell weight and thickness, pore number, egg yolk ratio values were calculated. Average egg length calculated according to egg weight were determined as 62,48 mm, egg width 43.76 mm, egg shell thickness 0.358 mm, egg shell weight 6.03 g, egg surface area 81.23 cm 2 , pore number-1 8.915.29, pore number-2 7.993.13 and pore number-3 8.934.70 units and egg yolk ratio 37.68%. In addition, shape index of egg external quality characteristics 69.69%, elongasyon 1.436, egg volume 66.38 cm 3 , pore density-1 109.89, pore density-2 98.34, pore density-3 109.74 pore number/cm 2 and egg shell ratio 8.48%, the yolk weight of egg internal quality characteristics 26.78 g, albumen weight 38.26 and albumen ratio were calculated as 53.85%. As a result, the characteristics of the external and internal quality of the pekin duck eggs raised at the public hand within the Hatay province were revealed without deteriorating the egg integrity. Keywords:Egg shell mass Pore number and density Albumen and yolk mass Pekin duck Mathematical formula