The kinetics of thermal degradation of standard and commercial polyethylene (PE) samples is investigated, by employing different methods like Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Coats-Redfern, Kissinger, and Augis-Bennett. The order of reaction obtained was 0.741 and 1.124 for standard and commercial samples, respectively. The activation energy obtained in this way was 279.6-311.0 kJ/mol and 300.5-374.1 kJ/mol for standard and commercial samples, respectively, depending upon the method used. The activation energy obtained by different methods decreases in the order Flynn-Wall-Ozawa» Augis and Bennett» Kissinger» Coats and Red-fern. It is observed that most of the methods deviated from the experimental results, in low (0.1-0.3) degree of conversion region but worked well in the middle (0.5-0.7) degree of conversion region. It has also been noticed that both the order and activation energy were slightly dependent over the heating rate and degree of conversion.
Micellization behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and its mixture with polyethylene oxide (PEO) are investigated using surface tension and light scattering techniques. The data are presented and interpreted in a novel way, which provides more and reliable information about the interaction of the components. The concentration of SDS corresponding to the initiation of interaction with PEO (T 1 ) and the saturation point (T 3 ) are well identified in this way. It has been observed that the concentration span between T 1 and T 3 is not much affected by the amount of PEO added. The detail investigation of data concludes that SDS and PEO interactions are in one to one ratio at molecular level and CMC decreases with the addition of salt to the system and the micelles become more compact.
Ring opening of phthalic anhydride has been carried out in acetic acid with glycine, β-alanine, L-phenylalanine, and 4-aminobenzoic acid to yield, respectively, 2-{[(carboxymethyl)amino]carbonyl}benzoic acid (I), 2-{[(2-carboxyethyl)amino]carbonyl}benzoic acid (II), 2-{[(1-carboxy-2-phenylethyl)amino]carbonyl}benzoic acid (III), and 2-[(4-carboxyanilino)carbonyl]benzoic acid (IV). Compounds I-IV have been employed as ligands for Sb(III) center (complexes V-VIII) in aqueous medium. FTIR and 1H NMR spectra proved the deprotonation of carboxylic protons and coordination of imine group and thereby tridentate behaviour of the ligands as chelates. Elemental, MS, and TGA analytic data confirmed the structural hypothesis based on spectroscopic results. All the compounds have been assayed in vitro for anti-leishmanial and anti-fungal activities against five leishmanial strains L. major (JISH118), L. major (MHOM/PK/88/DESTO), L. tropica (K27), L. infantum (LEM3437), L. mex mex (LV4), and L. donovani (H43); and Aspergillus Flavus, Aspergillus Fumigants, Aspergillus Niger, and Fusarium Solani. Compound VII exhibited good anti-leishmanial as well as anti-fungal impacts comparable to reference drugs.
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