Although adrenal ganglioneuroma (GN) is a rare tumor originating from the neural crest tissue of the sympathetic nervous system, detection of this tumor has increased, as imaging procedures such as ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) have become prevalent. The clinical presentation for most patients is asymptomatic, and most of those tumors are hormone silent. We describe a case of adrenal GN incidentally diagnosed in a 68-year-old female patient. Physical examination, routine laboratory studies, and hormonal tests were within normal ranges. Abdominal CT and magnetic resonance imaging showed a solid oval tumor approximately 6 x 4 cm in the left adrenal gland without remarkable signs of malignancy. Left adrenalectomy was performed for treatment purposes. Histological diagnosis of the tumor was a ganglioneuroma originating from the adrenal medulla. Adrenal GN occurs rarely in adults and preoperative diagnosis is difficult, especially in asymptomatic cases. It needs careful evaluation and surgical treatment. According to our knowledge, this is the fifth case of adrenal GN in an adult patient from Turkey in English literature.
Pretreatment with apigenin results in a significant reduction in the amount of inflammatory cells. The beneficial effect of apigenin on spleen injury also involved inhibition of NF-κB pathway, suppression of proinflammatory cytokines, and induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine production. Additionally, it led to a decrease in oxidative stress in spleen tissue. Taking everything into account, apigenin may be an alternative therapeutic option for prevention of sepsis-induced organ.
Aim. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) are two different types of thyroid carcinoma with significant different clinical and histological findings. Their coexistence in the same patient is a very rare event which demands different clinical approach. Case Report. We report a case with concurrent MTC and PTC in the same thyroid having characteristics of a collision tumour. A 35-year-old patient has admitted to endocrinology outpatient department with complaint of pain in the neck. Physical examination revealed 2 cm nodule on the thyroid right lobe. Serum thyroid hormone levels were within normal range. Ultrasonography revealed a 23x15 mm hypoechoic nodule with micro calcifications and cystic areas on the right lobe. Preoperative serum calcitonin was 2 pg/ml (0-11.5). PTK 1.7 cm and MTK 1.8 cm in the same thyroid with healthy tissue in between them were detected on pathological examination. RET gene mutation was negative. She has been followed up to now without any evidence of disease. Conclusion. This is a collision tumour since lesions with features of MTC and PTC were detected in two different locations and separated by normal thyroid tissue. Germline point mutation of the RET gene had a potential role in the development of both MTC and PTC. On the other side, familial concurrent MTC and PTC without RET gene mutation was also published. Both RET and BRAF genes had a role in the development of the medullary and papillary collision tumours. We do not know the presence of BRAF gene mutation in this case report yet.
The diagnosis of uterine smooth muscle tumors is usually not difficult. Occasionally, benign tumors with an unusual growth pattern may cause some diagnostic confusion for pathologists who had not experienced such a tumor before. A fifty-one year old female patient had admitted to our gynecology outpatient clinics with abnormal uterine bleeding (menorrhagia) and undergone a surgery with a diagnosis of pelvic mass. A neoplasm consisting of spindle cell nodules with prominent hydropic degeneration was observed at pathological examination. Tumor cells were positive for vimentin, desmin and smooth muscle actin at immunohistochemical evaluation. Cotyledonoid leiomyomas are rare benign smooth muscle tumors of uterus which are recently defined in the literature. In this article we report a case of cotyledonoid leiomyoma of uterus with an exophytic growth pattern in the serosa and did not contain an intramural dissecting component.
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