Consumption-oriented urban life has increased the role of the retail sector in the viability of the urban core and sustainability of cities. The current organization of retailing creates a centre/periphery dichotomy that challenges urban sustainability in many countries. Turkey is a country with a vivid retail environment, having traditional, small-scale retailing as well as shopping centres in large and medium-sized cities. Although some efforts at policy-making have been made by state institutions and the non-profit organizations of various actors in the sector, there is no comprehensive retail policy in Turkey. This situation has led to negative consequences for the traditional segments of the sector and for cities' spatial organization. It also threatens the sustainability of urban life, which is nourished by a variety of actors in the sector. Thus, it is imperative to control the development of retail investments through a holistic approach, considering how they might affect all actors and citizens.
Mekân, zaman kullanımının niteliksel anlamdaki önemli belirleyicilerinden kabul edilir. Bu çalışmada, zaman ve mekân arasındaki karmaşık ilişkinin, Ankara'daki kentli gençlerle yapılan bir araştırma yoluyla incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, bu çalışma, zaman ve mekân boyutlarının kentli gençlerin medeni olmayan davranışları algılama ve deneyimlemeleri üzerindeki etkisinin de altını çizmeyi hedefler. Medeni olmayan davranışlar gençlerin sokaktaki algıları ve deneyimleri üzerinden incelenmiştir. Yaklaşık 40 yıldır yaya bölgesi olan Sakarya Caddesi, çalışma sahası olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma, gözlem ve 82 kentli gençle yapılan yüz yüze görüşmelerin verilerinden faydalanmıştır. Zaman/mekân etkileşiminin medeni olmayan davranışlar üzerindeki etkisi günün farklı saatleri ve mevsimsel farklılıklar çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. İstatiksel analizlerle desteklenen niteliksel değerlendirme sonucu, sokağın fiziksel ve sosyal çevresinin ve gençlerin bu çevrelerle olan ilişkilerinin, gençlerin sokak kullanım ve zaman kullanım davranışlarıyla, medeni olmayan davranışları algı ve deneyimleri üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Gençler tarafından, Sakarya Caddesi'nin, akşam ve gece saatlerinde rahatsız edici insan gruplarının varlığı sebebiyle daha tehlikeli, korkutucu, tekinsiz ve uzak durulması gereken bir mekân olduğu belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu tespitin gençlerin cinsiyetine göre farklılaştığı da gözlemlenmiştir.
Time-use surveys have been rich data sources in many countries for a long time. Turkey was among the countries that realized the potential of time-use surveys quite late and completed the first national survey in 2006. Despite its importance for a wide range of issues and applications, the first survey has flaws in design, which reduce its effectiveness and reliability. This is mostly due to disregarding cultural factors while tracking the methodology of European examples. This study aims to propose more appropriate methods of gathering time-use data in the Turkish context through a field survey in Ankara, the capital city. A mixed methodology that combines quantitative and qualitative methods effectively was applied and used to enrich data. The influence of space use was stressed and leisure activities were utilized to exemplify the use and benefits of mixed methods.
There is an increasing concern about dangerous and disordered image of city that is identified with the term incivility. This study focuses on incivilities caused by daily encounters with strangers and experiences of incivility in daily life in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. Young people around and their attitudes in urban public spaces are discussed to be the main uncivil events in the social realm. In this respect, the aim of the study is to inquire the ways incivility is perceived and experienced within the context of urban public spaces by the Turkish urban youths. A field survey was conducted within a street context. Information was obtained through semi-structured interviews and observation. The results indicated that young people had different meanings and experiences of incivility in the street context and described and explained them dominantly in relation to the social environment. Likewise, gender differences among the youths appear to be influential on perception and experience of incivility.
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