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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, along with synaptic loss. The underlying mechanisms of AD are not clarified yet, but oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are important factors. Overactivation of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) enzyme has been known to cause neuroinflammation and cell death in neurodegenerative processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of the PARP-1 inhibitors, 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) and nicotinamide (NA), against amyloid β peptide (1-42) (Aβ(1-42))-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial reduction capacity on isolated synaptosomes. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 3-AB (30-100 mg kg(-1)), NA (100-500 mg kg(-1)) or with saline for 7 days. Synaptosomes were incubated with 10-30 μM Aβ(1-42) or saline for 6 h at 37 °C. Ex vivo Aβ(1-42) treatment significantly induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in synaptosomes of the saline group, while synaptosomes of 3-AB and NA groups showed significant decreases in lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species production and protein oxidation. Moreover, both NA and 3-AB were able to improve the mitochondrial reduction capacity against Aβ(1-42). These data suggest that NA and 3-AB may have protective effects in neurodegenerative processes because of the reduced levels of oxidative stress and the improvement of mitochondrial function.

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Bond were added to the medium using extract method. The cells were cultured with or without resveratrol (RES) addition. MTT, reactive oxygen species (ROS), DCF, Comet and 8-OHdG measurements were performed. The agents had a dose-dependent (1:1>1:10>1:20) cytotoxic effect. Considering 1:10 concentration; Group D at 1 h (p<0.01) and Group B and D at 24 h had the weakest cytotoxic effect (p<0.05). After RES addition, the highest cell viability was determined in Groups B+RES and D+RES at 1 h and in Groups A+RES and B+RES at 24 h (p<0.01). The dentin bonding agents induced ROS production and DNA damage regarding to their composition. However, RES addition decreased the indicated parameters.