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Background and Amis: Gallstone disease is one of the most common worldwide biliary tract disease in which the both genetic and environmental factors have roles in its pathogenesis. shortage of knowledge on gallstone disease contributed to poor dealing with cholelithiasis patients. Thus, the main aims of this study to assess the women knowledge regarding the cholelithiasis disease. Method:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 inpatient of gallstone disease in Azadi and emergency teaching hospital in Duhok city, A set of questionnaires were used to collect the data about their socio-demographic, and knowledge around gallstone disease by interviewer with selfadministered. A descriptive and inferential statistical analysis used to analyze the data. Result:The majority of the participants were (66%) their age 42.03 ± 12.63 within 42 years old, while the lowest ratio (13.3 %) was <29 years old. more than half (66.67%) of women had poor knowledge, (33.33%) had good knowledge about gallstone disease. However, the results indicated there was correlation between mother knowledge significantly with age (p-value 0.001).Therefore, the level of education had significant relationship to awareness of women toward gallstone disease. Conclusion:In this study, the results indicated that lack of knowledge was the major contributing factor for causing gallstone because due lack of awareness women were do not know the way of decreasing risk factor of gallstone disease.

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Background and Objectives: Diarrheal disease is the second important reason of death in children under 5 years old and is responsible for killing around 760,000 children every year. Diarrhea can last for several days and it can leave the body without the water and salts that are necessary for survival. Most people who die from diarrhea actually die from severe dehydration and fluid loss. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between mother’s knowledge and their practice about diarrhea in children <3 years old. Research Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 children with diarrheal episodes attending inpatient word. A set of questionnaires from previous studies was adopted and modified to assess the relationship between mother’s knowledge and their practice about diarrhea in children less than 3 years old in Heevi Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Duhok City. Results: More than half of participants (68%) had poor knowledge, though; the 32% had good knowledge. In terms of mother’s practice, most of the participants (64%) had poor mother practice; whereas, only 36% were good mother practice. However, there was a negative correlation between mother knowledge and mother practice (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate that due to lack of knowledge and poor practice about management of diarrhea the children were suffering from many complications. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurse educators have a significant role in providing health education to mothers about diarrhea in children.