Migraine and cluster headache are considered two different entities with different pathophysiologies. The assessment of autonomic symptoms is essential, and specialists must consider such an overlap in clinical practice in order to obtain accurate prevalence rates. In particular, lacrimation, conjunctival injection, and facial swelling are widely experienced by migraineurs.

Background: As deep nasolabial folds (NLF) are associated with facial aging, there is an increasing demand for esthetic correction with filler injections. Understanding the anatomy of the angular artery (AA) and facial artery (FA) around the NLF region is essential for ensuring the safety of dermal filler injections into the NLF. The purpose of this study was to provide detailed vascular anatomical information on the course and depth of AA and FA around NLF using Doppler ultrasound on live cases. Methods: FA was observed from the origin level adjacent to the mandible corpus to the end of its terminal branch AA in 168 hemifaces of 84 cases with Doppler ultrasonography. Results:We made a classification of the FA course based on the NLF. The minimum and maximum depths of the FA along its course were measured in 84 cases. The results showed that its course may be highly superficial (2.5 mm at the mandibular origin, 3.7 mm at the cheilion, 3.7 mm at the nasal ala) or it may follow a very deep course near the periosteum (15.0 mm at the mandibular origin, 18.7 mm at the cheilion, 23.5 mm at the nasal ala). FA depth was varied between 5.98 mm and 6.62 mm at the mandibular origin, between 8.36 mm and 9.20 mm at the cheilion, between 9.52 mm and 10.51 mm at the nasal ala at a 95% confidence interval.Conclusions: This study suggests that there is no absolutely safe depth or region for nasolabial fold filler injections.

Determining the sample size in agreement studiesUyum çalışmalarında örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi ÖZ Amaç: Klinik araştırmalarda metot karşılaştırması çalışmalarına başlamadan önce tüm araştırmacıların problem yaşadığı şey ne kadar örneklem büyüklüğü ile çalışılmasıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, değerlendiriciler / yöntemler arasındaki uyumun belirlenmesinde kullanılan uyum istatistikleri için örneklem büyüklüğünün hesaplanma adımlarını tanımlamak, klinik çalışmalar için araştırmacılara araştırmaya başlamadan önce gerekli olan minimum örneklem sayılarına ait pratik tablolar sunmaktır.Gereçler ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, populasyona ait bir bilgi olmadığı durumda ve değerlendiriciler arası uyum bilindiğinde örneklem büyüklüğünün hesaplama adımları verilmiştir. Cohen Kappa ve Sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısı için tablolar oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca Gwet tarafından tüm uyum istatistikleri için kullanılabilecek ortak bir formülasyondan yararlanılarak da örneklem büyüklüğü hesaplama adımları verilmiş ve pratik tablolar sunulmuştur.Bulgular: Tablolar incelendiğinde, önem seviyesi ve testin gücü ne olursa olsun iki değerlendirici arasındaki uyumsuzluğun oranı 0.50'ye kadar artış gösterirken örneklem büyüklüğü de artmakta, 0.50'den 1'e doğru artış gösterirken simetrik olarak bir azalış göstermektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, değerlendiriciler arasındaki uyum değeri arttıkça testin gücü ve önem seviyesi ne olursa olsun doğru orantılı olarak çalışmaya dahil edilecek olan örneklem sayısı da azalmaktadır.Sonuç: Bir araştırma çalışmasının başlangıcında, çalışmanın tasarımına ve sonuç değişkeninin durumuna uygun olan yeterli minimum örneklem sayısının doğru olarak belirlenmesi ile, çalışma sonuçlarının güvenilirliği sağlanmış olmasının yanında, örneklem israfının da önüne geçilmiş olacaktır.

BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common inflammatory disease in the emergency department (ED). This study aims to assess the role of CRP and hematologic parameters in mild/severe AP patients and biliary/nonbiliary AP at the time of admission to the ED. METHODS: 168 patients who were diagnosed as AP in the ED, and as a control group, 100 patients were included in this study. At the time of application to the ED, the demographic information (age, sex) and the amylase, lipase, CRP, hematological parameters (WBC, MPV, RDW, PLT, NLR) of all patients and the control group were recorded and compared. According to the etiology of the patients, the patients were divided into biliary and nonbilary AP groups and according to the severity, they were divided into mild and severe AP groups, then, the same parameters were evaluated.RESULTS: Significant differences were found out between WBC, CRP, NLR, MPV and PLT values between patient and the control group (p<0.001). The length of hospitalization and the parameters were not significant between the biliary and the nonbiliary group. Ranson and APACHE II scores were correlated with WBC, CRP and NLR. There was a statistically significant difference between the mild and severe AP groups in terms of duration of the hospital stay, CRP, WBC and NLR values (p=0.003 for CRP, p<0.001 for the others). In severe AP, the cut-off value of NLR was found to be 8.05, sensitivity %93.48, specificity %86.89 and AUC 0.937 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION:The use of parameters, such as WBC, CRP, and NLR, in combination with other diagnostic and prognostic tools in emergency service can provide convenience to clinicians at the time of admission and prognosis.

Objectives: To identify the prevalence of findings in optical coherence tomography (OCT) sections before intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME), and to evaluate the relationship between these findings and final visual acuity and number of injections. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 296 eyes of 191 patients (104 male, 87 female) who started intravitreal ranibizumab treatment after being diagnosed with DME in the retina unit between January 2013 and April 2017 were included the study. Spectral domain OCT findings at the time of presentation such as presence of serous macular detachment (SD), vitreomacular traction (VMT), and epiretinal membrane (ERM) were recorded. In addition, the regularity of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) and inner retinal layers was also studied. Results: The mean central retinal thickness measured in SD-OCT was 449±81 μm before treatment and 350±96 μm after treatment (p<0.001). SD was detected in 155 eyes (52.4%), ERM in 67 eyes (22.6%), and VMT in 9 eyes (3%). Thirty eyes (10.1%) had disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) and 54 eyes (18.2%) had EZ deterioration. The presence of ERM, EZ irregularity, and DRIL were associated with significantly lower final visual acuity (p<0.0001), while there was no relationship between pre-treatment SD and final visual acuity (p=0.11). Injection number was higher in eyes with SD and ERM compared to those without, but this difference was statistically significant only in the presence of SD (p=0.01 and p=0.59, respectively). There was no difference in injection number according to EZ irregularity or presence of DRIL. Conclusion: The coexistence of SD with DME was associated with increased need for treatment but not with final visual acuity. EZ irregularities, DRIL, and ERM are findings that negatively affect visual acuity.