Environmental contamination and the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers resulting in stagnant yields of field crops which necessitate the utilization of combined fertilization approach under changing climatic conditions. Current study was aimed to clarify the influence of several fertilizer sources (chemical, organic, organomineral fertilizers) on yield and quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The results revealed that the fertilizer sources significantly affected the yield of coriander cultivars. The absence of “Year x Variety x Fertilizer Type” interactions for any of the noted parameters signaled that the detected “Variety x Fertilizer Type” interactions were constant regardless of the year factor. The recorded values of traits according to fertilizer sources different for the plant height from 61.85 to 69.67 cm, number of branches from 5.98 to 7.71 (piece/plant), number of umbels per the main umbel from 5.62 to 7.18 pieces, seed yield from 1.06 to 1.66 t/ha, the biological yield from 4.29 to 5.70 t ha−1, harvest index from 25.29 to 29.41%, essential oil ratio from 0.29 to 0.33%, and essential oil yield from 3.1 to 5.6 L ha−1. Erbaa variety was observed to be superior over the rest of the varieties producing the maximum values of 6.5 L ha−1 of essential oil, 0.36% essential oil content, 30.9% harvest index, 1.81 t/ha seed yield, and 5.9 t ha−1 biological yield with the treatment of chemical fertilizers.

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In the present study, a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands divided three equal parts was designed and constructed at a full scale to treat wastewater of Yörükçal village located in Black Sea region. Three macrophytes namely Juncus acutus, Cortaderia selloana, and Phragmites australis were used in each wetland system. The total surface area of all wetlands is 520 m2. The average removal efficiencies of J. acutus, C. selloana, and P. australis were obtained as 57, 56, and 54% for BOD; 51, 33, and 27% for TN; 55, 58, and 46% for OM; 45, 39, and 32% for orthophosphate; 22, 38, and 24% for NH4+‐N; 13, 20, and 24% for TSS; 33, 44 and 39% for SO42–, respectively. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) between groups was applied to determine any difference in the removal of all parameters between the plant types and months depending on the mean values of pollutant removal. Due to the problems such as costs of construction, maintenance and repair, and reduced flow rate encountered especially during the collection of wastewater in rural regions and transport to wastewater treatment plants in the city, the in‐situ treatment applications may be unavoidable. According to the results, Constructed Wetlands (CW) designed correctly are economically and environmentally to treat wastewater of rural settlements. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1348–1360, 2018

This study was conducted for two seasons from 2018 to 2020 to determine fenugreek genotypes yield and quality characteristics under semiarid climatic conditions. Fenugreek genotypes viz., Adana, Afghanistan, Gaziantep, Iraq, Kahramanmaraş, Kayseri, Mardin, Şanlıurfa with varieties of Berkem and Gürarslan were used as plant material in the research. Field trials were conducted with four replications according to the randomized complete block design. The results revealed that the time to emergence varied from 16.0 to 19.9 days, 50% flowering from 160.9 to 170.4 days, and the vegetation period from 202.0 to 209.3 days. According to the results of two years of research, plant height varied from 64.60 to 78.70 cm, first pod height from 25.26 to 41.76 cm, pod width from 2.91 to 3.29 mm, pod length from 10.07 to 12.60 cm, number of pods per plant from 12.00 to 18.73, number of seeds per pod from 12.55 to 15.55, biological yield from 5.12 to 7.62 t/ha−1, seed yield from 0.91 to 1.38 t/ha−1, harvest index from 17.91 to 24.35%, thousand-seed weight from 13.87 to 17.45 g, fatty oil content from 5.18 to 9.16%, fatty oil yield from 49.3 to 111.6 kg ha−1, and the trigonelline ratio varied from 0.71 to 1.32%. Statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed for the pod width, while highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) were observed for all other parameters. According to the research results, Mardin, Kayseri, and Adana genotypes were statistically in the same group with Berkem cultivar in terms of seed yield. A higher fatty oil content was obtained in the Afghanistan genotype (9.16%) than in the Berkem cultivar (8.11%). Gaziantep, Mardin, Şanlıurfa, and Kayseri genotypes contained higher trigonellin than the Berkem and Gürarslan varieties. The obtained information was the result of the Mardin, Kayseri, Adana, Gaziantep, and Afghanistan genotypes that can be used in breeding studies.

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In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of ontogenetic variability on yield of some plants belonging to Labiatae family (Mentha spicata L., Origanum onites L., Melissa officinalis L. and Lavandula angustifolia Mill.). The study was conducted for two years at Bafra plain of Central Black Sea Region in Turkey. In this study, three different harvesting periods (before flowering, 50% flowering and 100% flowering) are considered as research subjects. According to the results of the research, plant height values of M. spicata, O. onites, L. angustifolia and M. officinalis plants varied between 47.50-103.67 cm, 25.00-49.47 cm, 30.00-40.60 and 56.90-96.60 cm, respectively; the highest values were measured at 50% flowering in M. spicata, and at full flowering on other plants. Harvesting cycles significantly affected the fresh herba, drog herba and essential oil yields in all plants examined, drog leaf yield in M. spicata, O. onites and M. officinalis species and drog flower yield in L. angustifolia. According to the data obtained, it is recommended that M. spicata and M. officinalis plants should be harvested at 50% flowering period, and L. angustifolia and O. onites plants should be harvested at 100% flowering period.

Article Info Received : 19.10.2016 Accepted : 21.01.2017 Heavy metal contamination has caused serious environmental and health-related problems around the world. To identify the concentrations and sources of heavy metals, 3400 surface soil samples (0-20 cm depth) were collected from the study area. Subsequently, the concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the samples were measured. In order to evaluate natural or anthropogenic sources of heavy metal content and their spatial distribution in agricultural fields of Central and East Parts of Black Sea Region soil geostatistic approach were combined with geographic information system (GIS). GIS technology was employed to produce spatial distribution maps of the 6 elements in the study area. The results showed that the concentration of Ni and Co exceeded its threshold level. The local pollution from Ni was attributed to the natural influences. The concentrations of the other heavy metals are relatively lower than the critical values. The mean values of the heavy metal contents arranged in the following decreasing order: Ni > Zn > Cu >Pb> Co > Cd in the study area. On the other hand, according to distribution ratio of heavy metals in total soil samples, except for Co and Ni distribution in total soil samples, all other heavy metal element exceeded concentration in samples were determined about less than 10% total soil samples. However, in some regions of the study area, the Cd, Cu and Zn contents were also slightly raised, this case possibly stem from excessive P fertilization and field traffic.

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