No abstract

Stem cell therapy offers a great advantage for the development of new treatments in the field of regenerative and restorative medicine. However, the use of stem cell therapies and their clinical indications can even be further improved using genetic modification of the cells. Due to the high level of consanguineous marriages in Turkey, the country suffers from an increased frequency of inborn genetically inherited diseases. Treatment of these diseases is difficult, since 1) diagnosis is often delayed in rural areas, 2) distance to specialized centers may be considerable, 3) treatment may require frequent hospital visits and 4) treatment procedures are often both invasive and expensive. Here, we discuss the current status of gene therapy of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for rare, inherited monogenic diseases and the advantages to use these cells as an alternative treatment option for patients in Turkey. We discuss results of clinical trials using retroviral and lentiviral gene therapy for the treatment of immune deficiencies, hemoglobinopathies and several enzyme deficiencies, new developments in the field of the HSC gene therapy to improve safety and efficacy and recommendations for the future.