Incidence of cardiovascular diseases in the patients having chronic kidney disease (CKD) is between 25% and 60%. This increased rate is proposed to be associated with "accelerated atherosclerosis." Increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a subclinical atherosclerosis marker. Small-dense low-density lipoprotein particles are a strong risk factor for atherosclerosis. It was shown that atherogenic index of plasma (AIP = log(TG/HDL-c)) is correlated with size of the lipoprotein particles. We investigated the correlation between AIP and CIMT which is a subclinical atherosclerosis marker, in hemodialysis (HD) patients. A total of 62 persons with 31 patients under HD therapy and 31 volunteers were included in the study. In all the participants, CIMT was measured and AIP were calculated. AIP and CIMT values of the participants were compared with blood pressures, lipid profiles and the other risk factors. AIP (0.39 ± 0.32) and CIMT (0.57 ± 0.13) were found significantly higher in the patient group than in the controls (0.04 ± 0.36 and 0.45 ± 0.119, respectively); (P = 0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively). There was a significant correlation between AIP and increased CIMT in the patient group (P = 0.0001, r = 0.430). Among the lipid parameters, the strongest correlation was found between CIMT and AIP. We demonstrated the significant increase of AIP and CIMT in HD patients. A correlation was found between AIP and CIMT. AIP was found to show a correlation with a greater number of risk factors, both classical and CKD specific, than CIMT. These data suggest that AIP might be a method which can be used both in diagnosis of subclinical atherosclerosis and in deceleration processes of its progression.
Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria into four groups were enrolled in our study. Each group included 20 patients. Total of 63 healthy people selected randomly were accepted as control group. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) were calculated in the central retinal artery (CRA) and the ophthalmic artery (OA) respectively. The flow velocity of central retinal vein (CRV) was also measured. All of measurements were obtained for patients and control groups. Results. PSV and RI values of CRA and OA were significantly higher in the patient groups (p<0.05). But there was no statistically significance in EDV values (p>0.05). Furthermore significant increase of CRV measurements was detected (p<0.05). Conclusion. We thought that the changes of PSV and RI parameter in CRA and OA depend on hypoxia with COPD causes systemic and local inflammatory metabolites due to distortion of retinal auto regulatory mechanism. The elevation increase CRV is attributed to amount of blood return to the ophthalmic vein by means of ocular blood flow increase, and to the increased central venous blood pressure related to COPD.
The present study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between intima-media thickness (IMT) changes in peripheral vessels (carotid and vertebral artery) and inflammatory mediators (C-reactive protein (CRP), leucocytes, etc.), artery blood gas changes and airway obstruction in COPD patients. This study included 60 patients with COPD and 40 healthy control subjects. We used the GOLD criteria for COPD diagnosis. The patient group differentiated according to arterial blood gas values and the presence or absence of pulmonary failure, and its type if any was present. In all patients and control group members, blood leucocytes and CRP values were measured. The carotid, vertebral artery thickness, and total cerebral blood flow were measured using a Doppler USG device and standardized 7 MHz linear transducers. There was no significant relationship between age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and intima-media thickness between the two groups. In the present study, we found out that the CRP levels were higher in COPD patients than in the control group. In progressive COPD patients, CRP levels were the highest. Furthermore, we found out the CIMT was higher in COPD patients compared to the control group. In conclusion, the CIMT and atherosclerosis risk increased in COPD patients. Systemic inflammation causes a higher carotid intima-media thickness in COPD patients. This finding was used as an early risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Doppler USG was used to identify a carotid artery pathology early. Systematic inflammation continuing during a stable period causes increased carotid artery intima-media thickness. This entity plays a role in atherosclerosis etiology.
Thyroglossal duct cysts (TDC) are the most common congenital neck cysts and malignancy can be seen in 1% of the cases. The most common malignant pathology of the thyroid is papillary carcinoma. Pathological examination is necessary for diagnosis and planning of the treatment. In this study, we reported a 42-year-old male patient who has a 17x15 mm diameter TDC in the midline and he was treated with transcervical excision after US-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) from the solid lesion.
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