Five thiourea derivative ligands and their Ni2+ and Cu2+ complexes have been synthesized. The compounds were screened for their in vitro anti-bacterial activity using Gram-positive bacteria (two different standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Esherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter aerogenes) and in vitro anti-yeast activity (Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis). The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for all ligands and their complexes. In vitro anti-yeast activity of both ligands and their metal complexes is greater than their in vitro anti-bacterial activity. The effect of the structure of the investigated compounds on the antimicrobial activity is discussed.
IntroductionToday, modernization of life has increased the life span of people, consequently increasing the elderly population in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that between the years 2015 and 2050, the world's population aged more than 60 years will almost double from 12% to 22%; in other words, the 60-year-old population that was 900 million in 2015 would have reached 2 billion by the year 2050 and 80% of the elderly population will be living in low-or average-income countries (1). The aging phenomenon, which is more evident in developed countries, is now gaining importance also in developing countries, and the elderly population is gradually increasing in Turkey as well (2).The resistance of the body against infectious diseases decreases due to physiological changes caused by aging, thereby leading to diseases and death. In particular, diabetes mellitus (DM), atherosclerosis, prostate hypertrophy, degenerative joint diseases, dementia, and chronic lung and heart diseases that occur in older ages allow easy entry of microorganisms into the body to cause diseases. Prostheses placed in areas such as the heart and joints can become sources of infections in the elderly. Fecal and urinary incontinence and pressure ulcers that develop in bed-dependent patients accelerate the development of infections in the elderly. Especially, lung infections threaten life of people aged more than 65 years. Diseases such as respiratory tract diseases, chronic lung and heart diseases, and dementia increase the risk of pneumonia with age. The risk of pneumonia in elderly people can be eliminated by pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations in addition to contraceptive measures (3). Adult vaccinations result in a prolonged life span compared to that in the past by preventing infectious diseases and related complications during old ages, which contributes to an increased quality life and the reduction in the morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases. Thus, diseases and deaths can be significantly prevented with vaccination, which is an important part of preventive health services. In our country, vaccinations are often given in childhood, while adult vaccinations are neglected and often considered as not essential in advanced ages. Nevertheless, it is especially important to protect the elderly population with vaccination against life-threatening diseases (4-6). Investigation of the Adult Vaccination Status and Influencing Factors in People Aged 65 Years and Over Registered in A Family Health Center in Mersin CityObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine the adult immunization status and influencing factors in people aged 65 years and over registered in a family health center in Mersin. Methods:The research was conducted in a total of 260 people aged 65 years and over who were treated in a family health center in Mersin. A questionnaire consisting of 28 items was administered by conducting a face-to-face interview with the participants. Obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS package pro...
Many previous studies revealed that smoking increases leukocyte and lymphocyte counts while exposure to X-rays decreases these counts. However the relationships between lymphocyte life span and smoking as well as X-rays were not well documented. The primary aim of this study was to determine relationships between smoking X-rays (in combination and individually) and life span of lymphocytes. Blood samples from 200 healthy individuals, half of which were X-ray exposed individuals, were collected. Half of X-ray exposed and of non-X-ray exposed individuals were smokers. There were equal numbers of male and female participants. Two lymphocyte cultures, one for the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis and the other for the determination of mitotic index values were prepared using one part of the blood samples collected from the individuals. From the other part of the blood sample leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were determined with a haemogram device. Evaluation of the findings suggested that leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, mitotic index were relatively lower for the X-ray exposed individuals. In addition these values were higher for smokers than nonsmokers in general. The highest SCE rates were recorded for smoking radiology technicians. The most important finding is that lymphocyte life span is relatively low in smokers and in X-ray exposed males.
Objectives: Rapid and accurate identification of Candida species from blood cultures is crucial to ensure effective antifungal therapy and to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with bloodstream fungal infections. In this study, we aimed to identify Candida spp. from blood culture samples with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and conventional methods. Materials and Methods:A total of 50 yeast positive samples out of 325 blood culture positive samples and 50 blood culture negative samples were examined by FISH, PCR-RFLP and conventional methods to identify Candida spp.Results: All three methods generally were compatible for identification of single-species Candida spp. (p<0.001). But, FISH and PCR-RFLP for the identification of multi-species Candida spp. were found more compatible than conventional methods (p<0.001). Besides, FISH is cheaper and quicker than the other two methods in the identification of Candida spp. from blood culture positive samples. The rates of multi-species candidemia with FISH, PCR-RFLP and conventional methods were 20%, 6% and 4%, respectively. Conclusion:Both PCR-RFLP and FISH methods might be preferred for the rapid identification of Candida spp. from blood culture positive samples. However, FISH is a more suitable method for the detection of multi-species candidemia.
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