The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic having no therapy and pharmacists being a part of the healthcare system had a vital role in the management of COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) of community pharmacists (CPs) regarding COVID-19. An online survey was conducted among 393 CPs in two provinces of Pakistan during the lockdown period. A validated questionnaire (Cronbach alpha, 0.745) was used for data collection. All statistical analysis was analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Among 393 participants, 71.5% (n=281) had good knowledge, 44% (n=175) positive attitude and 57.3% (n=225) had good practice regarding COVID-19. Social media (45.29%, n=178) was reported as the main source to seek information of COVID-19. Good knowledge, age ≥ 26 years and Ph.D. degree level were the substantial determinants (p= <0.05) of a good attitude. Similarly, community pharmacist who had an experience of >5 years, hold a Ph.D. degree, good knowledge and good attitude had higher odds of good practice as compared to reference categories (p= <0.05). In short, majority of CPs had good knowledge, but had a poor attitude and practice towards the COVID-19. Standard-structured educational and counselling programs for CPs regarding COVID-19 are needed for effective management.
Objective: To determine frequency of different breast disorders in female patients of varying age groups presenting to HBS Hospital Islamabad. Study design: A prospective descriptive study Place and duration: This study was conducted in department of General Surgery HBS Hospital from 1st May 2019 to 31 Dec 2021. Methodology: All female patients presenting to surgical OPD and indoor department from 1st May 2019 to 31 Dec 2021 for different breast diseases with no age limitation were included in the study. Data of the patients as age at presentation, symptoms, clinical features, and risk factors, investigations as ultrasound and specimen reports if any were recorded and submitted for histopathology analysis. Results: A total of225female patients were included in the study. Frequency of the disorders was as follows. Fibroadenoma breast presenting as lump breast was found in (n=69) followed bicyclical mastalgia (n=62),breast abscess (n=27), duct ectasia (n=18), carcinoma breast (n=13),sebaceous cyst breast (n=9), mastitis (n=8), cracked nipples (n=8),non-cyclical mastalgia (n=4),galactorrhea (n=3), breast budding (n=1), phylloides tumor (n=1), blood stained nipple discharge (n=1) and nipple eczema (n=1) in frequency. Age of patients ranged from 9-85 years with mean age 51.5 years. Conclusion: Fibroadenoma is the commonest disease but the pattern is rapidly changing towards fibrocystic disease especially in young females. Incidence of Inflammatory disease increases in peak reproductive age group. Carcinoma breast presents late in our setups. Keywords: Breast Lump, Breast Disease, Carcinoma Breast, Fibroadenoma Breast
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