Abstract. Splenogonadal fusion (SGF) is a rare congenital malformation. Since it lacks characteristic features, very few cases of SGF have been diagnosed preoperatively. Laparoscopy was effective in both diagnosing and surgically treating this condition. Herein, we reported left side SGF in a male patient who was diagnosed during laparoscopic exploration, and Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy was implemented at the same time. The patient was followed up for one year. At a 6-month follow-up, the left scrotum demonstrated swelling and the internal contents were hard. An ultrasound of this testicle indicated non-uniform, splenic-like organization. However, at the one-year follow-up, the volume of splenic-like organization was reduced but the testicular size did not exhibit further atrophy. IntroductionSplenogonadal fusion (SGF) is a rare congenital malformation. The condition was first described in 1883, but fewer than 200 cases have been reported to date (1). Only a few cases have been diagnosed preoperatively, which were typically regarded as cryptorchidism, testicular tumors or inguinal hernia, and accidentally determined to be SGF after exposure of the inguinal canal during surgery (2). This disease commonly leads to a preoperative misdiagnosis of testicular cancer, causing testes to be mistakenly removed in nearly a third of SGF cases (3,4). In order to avoid these errors, increased awareness of the diagnosis of and treatment for SGF therefore is required. In this case report, we summarize our experiences of treating SGF and review the literature to improve the understanding of this disease and provide helpful suggestions for future treatment strategies. Case reportA 4-year-old boy presented to the Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University (Chengdu, China) with bilateral undescended testes from birth in April 2013. Physical examination indicated that the bilateral scrota were empty, the testes were also not present in the inguinal region, and the patient's penis was normal. An ultrasound confirmed that there were no testicular masses in the bilateral scrota and inguinal regions. In accordance with the above clinical findings, the patient was diagnosed with bilateral cryptorchidism, and therefore laparoscopic gonad exploration was performed. Complete abdominal exploration revealed gonad-like tissue connected with a smooth, fleshy, brown, cord-like structure beside the left colon, but left spermatic cord blood vessels were not observed. The cord-like structure was connected to the spleen (which was normal), and was approximately 5-6 cm long and 1.5 cm in diameter ( Fig. 1A and B). The spleen cord was cut off and the gonad-like tissues were pulled down into the scrotum through the inguinal canal (Fig. 1C-E). A small incision was made in the scrotum skin to expose the gonad-like tissue. A small piece of gonad-like tissue was harvested for pathological examination. The result of pathological examination demonstrated that the gonad-like tissue was a normal testis. As a result, the spleen c...
Laparoscopic surgery for malignant solid tumors is still in the stage of clinical exploration. Neuroblastoma is a common solid tumor in children. The present study discussed significance and feasibility of complete resection of stage III neuroblastoma by laparoscopic surgery and its safety and effectiveness was compared with traditional surgery. For children suffering from neuroblastoma with large tumor volume and vascular invasion, preoperative chemotherapy can be given and minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery can be one option to be considered when the tumor volume is <6 cm. During the operation, the tumor tissue can be removed by segmental resection and the removal of as much tumor tissue as possible is an important factor in improving the prognosis. Laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery is associated with minimal surgical trauma and quick recovery of patients, and children can receive postoperative chemotherapy as early as possible, which is conducive to good recovery. Basically, the prerequisite and requirements for performing this operation are professional laparoscopic skills and an experienced team.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.