BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) printed bone tissue engineering scaffolds have been widely used in research and clinical applications. b-TCP is a biomaterial commonly used in bone tissue engineering to treat bone defects, and its multifunctionality can be achieved by co-doping different metal ions. Magnesium doping in biomaterials has been shown to alter physicochemical properties of cells and enhance osteogenesis. METHODS: A series of Mg-doped TCP scaffolds were manufactured by using cryogenic 3D printing technology and sintering. The characteristics of the porous scaffolds, such as microstructure, chemical composition, mechanical properties, apparent porosity, etc., were examined. To further study the role of magnesium ions in simultaneously inducing osteogenesis and angiogenesis, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and human umblical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in scaffold extracts to investigate cell proliferation, viability, and expression of osteogenic and angiogenic genes. RESULTS: The results showed that Mg-doped TCP scaffolds have the advantages of precise design, interconnected porous structure, and similar compressive strength to natural cancellous bone. hBMSCs and HUVECs exhibit high proliferation rate, cell morphology and viability in a certain amount of Mg 2? . In addition, this concentration of magnesium can also increase the expression levels of osteogenic and angiogenic biomarkers. CONCLUSION: A certain concentration of magnesium ions plays an important role in new bone regeneration and reconstruction. It can be used as a simple and effective method to enhance the osteogenesis and angiogenesis of bioceramic scaffolds, and support the development of biomaterials and bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Keywords 3D porous scaffolds Á Ion doping Á Magnesium ions Á Osteogenesis Á Angiogenesis Yifan Gu and Jing Zhang contributed equally to this work.
Wearable and movable lodged health monitoring gadgets, micro-sensors, human system locating gadgets, and other gadgets started to appear as low-power communication mechanisms and microelectronics mechanisms grew in popularity. More people are interested in energy capture technology, which turns the energy created by motion technology into electric energy. To understand the difference in motor skill levels, a nonlinear feature-oriented method was proposed. A bi-stable magnetic-coupled piezoelectric cantilever was designed to detect the horizontal difference of motion technology. The horizontal difference was increased by the acceleration generated by the oscillation of the leg and the impression betwixt the leg and the ground during the movement. Based on the Hamiltonian principle and motion technique signal, a nonlinear dynamic model for energy capture in motion technique is established. According to the shaking features of human leg motion, a moveable nonlinear shaking energy-gaining system was the layout, which realized the dynamic characteristics of straight, nonlinear, mono-stable, and bi-stable. The experimental outcome shows that nonlinearity can effectively detect the difference of motion techniques. The experimental results of different human movement states confirm the benefits of the uncertain bi-stable human power capture mechanism and the effectiveness of the electromechanical combining design established. The nonlinear mono-stable beam moves in the same way as the straight mono-stable beam in the assessment, but owing to its higher stiffness, its frequency concentration range (13.85 Hz) is moved to the right compared to the linear mono-stable beam, and the displacement of the cantilever beam is reduced. If the velocity is 8 km/h, the mean energy of the bi-stable method extends to the utmost value of 23.2 μW. It is proved that the nonlinear method can understand the difference in the level of motion technique effectively.
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