Background Intrauterine devices (IUD) are widely used all over the world. One of the most serious complications is uterine perforation, and it is very rare for the IUD to penetrate the bladder after perforation. Here we report two cases of IUD migration into the bladder, and review the literature to analyze the possible causes and solutions of such complications. Case presentation Case NO. 1 is a 37-year-old female who presented lower urinary tract symptoms for a year. Cystoscopy showed that a strip of metal penetrated into the bladder, and the surface was covered with stones. The patient underwent cystotomy and foreign body removal under general anesthesia. Case NO. 2 is a 46-year-old woman who previously inserted an IUD in 1998, but she had an unexpected pregnancy in 1999. Her doctor believed that "the IUD had spontaneously expulsed" and a new IUD was inserted after her pregnancy was terminated. Her CT scan showed an IUD on the left side of the bladder and another IUD in the uterus. Her foreign body was removed by cystotomy. Conclusion Patients with IUD should be suggested to check the device regularly, and those who with a missed IUD have to rule out the possibility of IUD migration. For patients with IUD combined with lower urinary tract symptoms, it is necessary to be aware of whether IUD perforation affects the bladder.
Introduction: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is widely performed for the treatment of renal stones. It has been reported that the percutaneous approach can be used in the treatment of parapelvic cyst. As for the patients with renal cyst and ipsilateral renal stones, laparoscopic renal cyst decortication and PCNL are usually carried out for the cyst and stones, respectively. In this video, we show a percutaneous approach in the treatment of renal cyst with ipsilateral renal stones during a procedure. This technique is performed for the treatment of dorsal renal cyst with ipsilateral renal stones, The diameter of the cyst is >5 cm and the stones cause hydronephrosis. Materials and Methods: Three cases of renal cyst with ipsilateral renal stones were performed by the percutaneous approach, which included the procedures of cyst decortication and PCNL. The patient was placed in a lithotomy position under a general anesthesia, a 5F ureteral catheter was inserted into the target renal pelvis under the ureteroscope. Then, the patient was turned into a prone position. Under the guidance of ultrasound, an 18-gauge puncture needle was penetrated into the renal cyst, a zebra guidewire was inserted into the cyst followed by dilatation of the percutaneous access with 20F peel-away sheath. Both the ureteroscope and peel-away sheath retreated to the layer between the fibrous capsule and the adipose capsule of the kidney. With the effect of perfusion water, an isolating layer of water was formed between the fibrous capsule and the adipose capsule of the kidney. It was clear to determine the boundary between the exterior cyst wall and the renal parenchyma after the
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