Cocoyam (Xanthosoma spp.), the third most important starch food crop in Nicaragua, can be cultivated countrywide. However, very little information about the field performance and genetic background of the different genotypes is available. In this study, the agronomic performance of three purple genotypes established in four locations with different climatic conditions, were evaluated during 2 years. Phenotypic characteristics, yield, and virus incidence were assessed and the time at which the different genotypes reached their physiological maturity was estimated. The trials were based on randomized complete block design with three or four blocks. Genotype × location interaction was found both for phenotypic and yield traits. A differential response of the genotypes to the varying climatic conditions at the locations is suggested to be one of the causes to the interaction. The unpredictable and variable climate in the area where cocoyam traditionally has been grown is one possible explanation to the frequent genotype × year interaction at that location. Other locations with more stable climate only showed an interaction between genotype and year in a few traits. The genotypic differences regarding the time when the area of the largest leaf reached its maximum and the variation in presence of sprouts and roots on the cormels at harvest, indicate differences in optimal harvest time between genotypes. The percentage of plants infected with dasheen mosaic virus (DMV) differed across locations but not between genotypes.
Cocoyam is an important crop located in tropic and sub-tropic because it provides food and incomes to peasant. Nicaragua is in the centre of origin of Xanthosoma genus where wild species with potential use can be found. Nevertheless, the information about the genetic relationship among and within genera is scarce. The use of molecular markers generated from 40 RAPD primers (B and D kits Operon technologies) in the characterization of Xanthosoma species grown in Nicaragua was evaluated. With this purpose DNA from four cultivated and three wild Xanthosoma, four ornamental Alocasia, and three cultivated Colocasia genotypes was extracted. The generated molecular markers were submitted to phenetic analysis using the Neighbour joining program. Fourteen of all the primers revealed polymorphism between the genotypes. Dendrogram generated grouped the cultivated and wild Xanthosoma together excepting X. mexicanum. The Colocasia and Alocasia species did not form any clear group. This study confirms the genetic the variation in wild and cultivated Xanthosoma family grown in Nicaragua. The polymorphic molecular markers generated for the 14 RAPD primers can be used for the molecular characterization of the Xanthosoma germplasm collected in Nicaragua.
La multiplicación convencional del plátano (Musa spp.)a través de los hijuelos del cormo, además de la bajatasa de propagación, facilita la diseminación de plagas yenfermedades. La técnica de reproducción acelerada desemillas (TRAS), una alternativa en la producción sana desemilla, fue utilizada para la multiplicación de los cultivaresPlátano Enano (PE) y CENSA ¾ (C ¾) en dos viveroscomerciales de Rivas y Nandaime donde se establecieron 19canteros en cada uno. En Rivas se multiplicaron 3 933 cormosde PE y 2 307 de C ¾ a 2.5 cm entre cormos en sustratosde arena de construcción (AC) y arena de playa (AP), riegopor microasperción y fertilizacion con completo (15-15-15)NPK. En Nandaime se propagaron 6 952 cormos de PE a 1.5cm entre cormos en AC. Se regó con regadoras y manguerasy se fertilizó con Súper fértil y Súper calcio. En Rivas lasplantas separadas de los cormos se sembraron en bolsas depolietileno, en mezcla de cascarilla de arroz-arena-tierra y enNandaime en 100% tierra. Se calculó el índice de brotación(IB) de los cormos. En Rivas el IB de PE fue 4 e igualmentepara C ¾. El IB de PE en Nandaime fue 3. El mejor IB de PEen Rivas resulta de la utilización inmediata de cormos frescosy yemas en mejor estado físico. El IB de PE en AC fue 5 y 3en AP, la diferencia la explica el mayor contenido de cenizasvolcánicas, minerales y capacidad de absorción de agua deAC. Se produjeron 17 039 plantas de PE y 9 052 de C ¾ enRivas y 21 637 plantas de PE en Nandaime. Los IB obtenidosson inferiores a los de la guía técnica-UNA. No se siguieronlas indicaciones de selección de semilla en el campo, distanciade siembra y momento de corte.Palabras clave: TRAS; plátano; índice de brotación; aplicación comercialDOI: 10.5377/calera.v9i13.17
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