The degree of effectiveness of mosquito nets against malaria in the Americas has remained uncertain. We carried out a case-control study of net use and mild malaria in the Amazonas state of Colombia. Two hundred ninety cases were enrolled via the Health Department services, and 977 community-based controls matched for age, sex, and place of residence. We found that a large proportion of the population (96% of controls) slept under nets. Nevertheless, we found a benefit of impregnated nets compared with no net use: adjusted odds ratio (OR) for mild malaria 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20-0.98. Nonimpregnated nets had a benefit that was only slightly smaller but not statistically significant (OR for mild malaria 0.54, 95% CI 0.25-1.18). Travel in the previous month had an odds ratio of 6.2 (95% CI 3.1-8.8) and a population attributable fraction of 13% compared with 11% for failure to use an impregnated net. We conclude that, in the Amazon region, promotion of mosquito net use and impregnation is justified, and that there is a need for measures to protect travelers from malaria.

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (EFX) and ciprofloxacin (CFX) was investigated in broiler chickens. Each antimicrobial was administered intravenously at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. Blood was taken in different preset times: prior and at 0.03, 0.06, 0.13, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h following drug administration. The concentrations of EFX and CFX in plasma were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma concentrations vs. time were analysed by a compartmental independent pharmacokinetic model that provided the most important kinetic parameters. Statistically significant differences between the two antimicrobials were found for most of the pharmacokinetic parameters: Area under the curve (AUC), area under first moment curve (AUMC), mean residence time (MRT), total body cleareance (ClB), volume of distribution beta (Vd beta) and volume of distribution at the steady state (Vd(ss)). Both antimicrobials were widely distributed in chickens throughout the body with a mean Vd(ss) of 1.98+/-0.18 L/kg for EFX, and 4.04+/-0.69 L/kg for CFX. The ClB for CFX was five times higher than that obtained for EFX. AUC, MRT and the diminished half time for EFX were two-four times higher than those obtained for CFX. These results indicate that CFX remains in the body for less time than the other quinolone. This characteristic of CFX suggests the advantage of a shorter withdrawal time for food producing animals treated with this antimicrobial.

Tabla S1. Concentration of enrofloxacin (n = 5, The mean ± SD) in plasma and tissues of group A trout (single dose of 10 mg/kg orally) Time (hours) Plasma Skin Muscle Liver Kidney Gut 0.25 0.

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