Since 1980, more than 40 countries have implemented long‐term ecological research (LTER) programs, which have shown their power to affect advances in basic science to understand the natural world at meaningful temporal and spatial scales and also help link research with socially relevant outcomes. Recently, a disciplinary paradigmatic shift has integrated the human dimensions of ecosystems, leading to a long‐term socio‐ecological research (LTSER) framework to address the world's current environmental challenges. A global gap in LTER/LTSER only exists in the latitudinal range of 40–60°S, corresponding to Argentina and Chile's temperate/sub‐Antarctic biome. A team of Chilean, Argentine and US researchers has participated in an ongoing dialogue to define not only conceptual, but also practical barriers limiting LTER/LTSER in southern South America. We have found a number of existing long‐term research sites and platforms throughout the region, but at the same time it has been concluded an agenda is needed to create and implement further training courses for students, postdoctoral fellows and young scientists, particularly in the areas of data and information management systems. Since LTER/LTSER efforts in Chile and Argentina are incipient, instituting such courses now will enhance human and technical capacity of the natural science and resource community to improve the collection, storage, analysis and dissemination of information in emerging LTER/LTSER platforms. In turn, having this capacity, as well as the ongoing formalization of LTER/LTSER programs at national levels, will allow the enhancement of crucial collaborations and comparisons between long‐term research programs within the region and between hemispheres and continents. For Spanish version of the entire article, see Online Supporting Information (Appendix S1). Resumen Desde 1980, más de cuarenta países han implementado programas de Investigación Ecológica a Largo Plazo (LTER por sus siglas en inglés), los cuales han mostrado su capacidad para influir sobre los avances en las ciencias básicas que permiten entender el mundo natural en escalas temporales y espaciales significativas, y también ayudar a enfocar la investigación hacia estudios socialmente relevantes. Recientemente, gracias a un cambio de paradigma en la disciplina, se integró también la dimensión humana de los ecosistemas, llevándola a un marco conceptual de Investigación Socio‐Ecológica a Largo Plazo (LTSER por sus siglas en inglés) para enfrentar los desafíos medio‐ambientales del mundo actual. Existe un vacío global en LTER/LTSER en el rango latitudinal de 40–60°S, correspondiente a los biomas templados/subantárticos de Argentina y Chile. Un equipo de investigadores chilenos, argentinos y estadounidenses ha trabajado por varios años para definir cuáles son la barreras que actualmente limitan la creación de una Red de LTER/LTSER en el sur de Sudamérica, no solamente en términos conceptuales, sino también a nivel práctico. Existe un buen número de sitios de investigación a largo pla...
Text representation, central to information processing, must be descriptive and discriminative. Although some of the many techniques to construct document representations may outperform others for certain tasks, no one is consistently better than others. Representations are still problematic. Evaluation techniques are needed to penetrate foundational questions about term behavior in representation. A study that applies the shape recovery analysis method is reported here as an evaluative tool to compare different indexing schemes. Three weight coefficients are used to rank indexing terms and are compared to the documents' full text. Two of the weight coefficients are novel and the third relies on the chi-squared distribution. Multidimensional scaling reduces the dimensional space of the document surrogates into a two-dimensional Cartesian space. Ten concentric circles evenly separated at 10% intervals of relevant data points starting at the centroid are used to construct a precision-recall curve. ANOVA is used for a straightforward computation of the 4 ؋ 11 matrix of test data to see whether the four treatments yield the same P-R result. A post hoc HSD Tukey multiple comparisons test among pairwise treatments is also used to discover homogeneous groups. The findings show the value of the methodology to study term weighting schemes, and their descriptiveness and discriminative power, as well as the potential strength of the novel coefficients introduced.
Since 2000 the SIG/USE Symposium has been a staple of the ASIS&T Annual Meetings. In the nine years since its inception the symposium has provided a space for dialogue among the information science community -both specialists and lay professional public -about key issues and topics facing information, its users, its uses and its technologies. And like all such endeavors, it has required hard work, creativity, perseverance and passion.At this year's Annual Meeting, in beautiful Vancouver, the aims of the 9th SIG/USE Symposium were to provide an opportunity for all ASIS&T members (and information professionals at-large) to reflect and brainstorm together on essential questions around information behavior research and practice in a collaborative context: What are the fundamental questions that we should be looking at in this line of research? How are we to move towards making greater impacts on organizations and designers? What follows is an overview of the symposium process and outcomes, an examination of the issues raised by contributors during the symposium and an outline of future research prospects. Background and FormatExamining the transformative relationship between people and people, as well as people and information, is at the heart of information behavior research. Taking a people-centered focus to our inquiries, we have amassed understandings about the way people work with information, information systems and the people with whom they interact in the process of information seeking and sharing.For this edition of the SIG/USE Symposium (and as part of the celebration of SIG/USE's 10th anniversary), we focused on collaborative information seeking and sharing. The origin of the idea was the growing interest on the part of members of the SIG/USE community to take stock of our increasingly social and collaborative information environments and work together toward assessing the models, theories and findings we are collecting in our field and how they can and should inform the design and delivery of collaborative information products and services. The symposium offered an opportunity for SIG/USE and others to reflect on essential questions around information behavior research and practice in a collaborative context. Four research questions were posed to the symposium participants:1. How does our research address the transformative relationship between people and information? 2. What are the fundamental questions that we should be looking at in our research? 3. How are we to move towards making a greater impact on organizations and designers? 4. How can or should collaborative information behavior research be presented to translate effectively into the language of other information research communities? Thirty-three position papers were submitted covering a broad array of issues and topics. The papers are posted on the SIG/USE Symposium wiki, available at www.asis.org/wiki/AM09/index.php/Siguse.The symposium was held on Saturday, November 7, 2009, from 1:30-6:00 p.m. The audience consisted of 64 attendees from a...
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