Class 1 and class 2 integrons were investigated by hybridisation in 100 isolates of multiresistant biotypes of Acinetobacter baumannii from Chilean hospitals. Most isolates of A. baumannii biotype 9, the prevalent biotype, harboured integrons of class 2 (Tn7-like) whereas no integrons were detected in infrequent biotypes. Integron-carrying isolates exhibited broader antibiotic resistance patterns as well as higher resistance levels to various antimicrobials. z 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
A multivariate calibration method was applied to improve the accuracy of the determination of cadmium in the presence of potassium by total reflection X‐ray fluorescence (TXRF). Due to TXRF's relatively low resolution, a particular interference caused by potassium at line Kα 3.31 keV as interference can compromise the cadmium determination at line Lα 3.13 keV, respectively. The method is based on the hypothesis that the application of a multivariate calibration method, for example, partial least squares, could reduce variations due to interference and, consequently, improve the selectivity and accuracy in Cd determination. In this work, this strategy was evaluated on the X‐ray fluorescence emission signals between 2.50 and 3.90 keV for a set of 26 different synthetic calibration mixtures and eight different mixtures for external calibration. Based on a certified reference material (Clay 2—CRM051) with high potassium levels, a significant improvement of accuracy for cadmium determination was observed, overcoming the problems associated with spectral interferences by potassium.
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