Recurrent rectal prolapse, resistant to medical treatment, is an indication for surgical treatment. Patients with spinal dysraphia frequently have already been treated by sclerotherapy or other surgical techniques, but unsuccessfully. Methods: We present 2 patients, who underwent laparoscopic rectopexy, with spinal dysraphia and complete rectal prolapse relapse after conservative treatment. In these patients, we performed, as an additional technique, fixation of the rectosigmoid to avoid recurrence by invagination or prolapse of the anterior wall. Results: Follow-up at 14 and 11 months, respectively, did not find any recurrence. Conclusion: We suggest that laparoscopic rectopexy with sigmoid fixation should be considered as an alternative for the treatment for patients with spinal dysraphia and rectal prolapse to avoid recurrence.
Se analizaron 4175 imágenes diarias captadas con el sensor NOAA/AVHRR de julio de 1997 a diciembre de 2004, con el propósito de caracterizar la climatología y variación interanual de TSM en la Bahía de La Paz. A partir de la información se generaron 88 meses de anomalías de TSM y se realizó un análisis de componentes principa les (CP). Se obtuvieron tres componentes que explican en su conjunto el 50.32% de la varianza total de los datos originales de anomalías (32.68%, 11.95% y 5.69% respectivamente). El CP1 presenta los valores de correlación más altos al noroeste de la bahía, con un gradiente decreciendo hacia el sureste. Este componente tiene una alta correlación espacial con la batimetría de la bahía, y temporal con respecto a los meses cálidos. Los valores más altos del CP2 se sitúan en el centro de la bahía, decreciendo hacia el noroeste y sureste. Este patrón espacial se ubica en la zona en la que se ha detectado un gran girociclónico, por lo que atribuimos a este componente la influencia de tal efecto de circulación. El CP3 sitúa sumás alta correlación a lo largo de la costa oeste de la bahía, zona fuertemente influenciada por la corriente litoral a lo largo de la costa. Las fluctuaciones en la TSM en la zona y el período de estudio, no presentaron una correlación significativa con respecto al Indice Oscilación Sur y el Indice El Niño Oscilación Sur, probablemente debido a que la Bahía de La Paz tenga rasgos batimétricos y oceanográficos que determinan una respuesta peculiar a los cambios ambientales.
Characterization of the sea surface temperature and climatology of the Bay of La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
4175 daily NOAA/AVHRR sea surface temperature (SST) images from July of 1997 to December of 2004 were analyzed, in order to characterize the climatology and interannual variation of SST in the Bay of La Paz. From this information, 88 months of SST anomalies were estimated and principal components (PC) analysis was performed. Three components were obtained that explain as a whole the 50.32% of the total variance of the original data of anomalies (32.68%, 11.95% and 5.69% res pectively). PC1 displays the higher values of correlation to the northwest of the bay, with a gradient decreasing to wards the southeast. This component has a high spatial correlation with the bathymetry of the bay, and temporal to the warm months. The highest values of PC2 are located in center of the bay, decreasing to wards the northwest and southeast. This spatial pattern is located in the zone where a large cycloniceddy has been detected. For this reason we attributed this component the influence of such circulation effect. PC3 higher correlation lies throughout the westcoast of the bay, a zone strongly influenced by the long shore current. The SST fluctuations in the zone and the period of study did not display a significant correlation with respect to the Southern Oscillation Index or El Niño Southern Oscillation, probably because the Bay of La Paz is an area with bathymetric and oceanographic characteristics that determine a peculiar response to environmental changes.
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