RESUMEN: El término efecto Mozart comienza a utilizarse a partir de los trabajos de Rauscher et al. (1993), quienes observaron mejores resultados en tareas que requerían orientación temporo-espacial en estudiantes universitarios. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el efecto que tiene en el aprendizaje práctico de la anatomía la aplicación de estímulos musicales relacionados con el denominado efecto Mozart. Participaron 254 estudiantes de las carreras de Odontología, Fonoaudiología y Tecnología Médica. Los grupos de estudio fueron sometidos durante toda una Unidad temática a estimulación auditiva utilizando el primer movimiento de la Sonata para dos Pianos en D Mayor (K. 448) de Mozart, los grupos controles desarrollaron su actividad práctica sin estimulación auditiva, al finalizar la unidad se realizó una evaluación práctica de reconocimiento de estructuras en el cadáver. Las medias de los resultados obtenidos fueron superiores en los sujetos sometidos a estimulación auditiva, estos resultados fueron estadísticamente significativos en las carreras de Odontología y Fonoaudiología, pero no en Tecnología Médica.
<p>Knowledge of facial tissue thickness is crucial to facial reconstruction procedures in forensic sculpture. The literature still brings some controversy on the validity of data obtained for different population groups. The purpose of this study was to investigate sexual dimorphism in the thickness of the facial tissues. The study sample consisted of 43 volunteers, between 24 and 48 years of age, and of normal body mass. Ultrasound measurements of facial tissue thickness were obtained at 14 median and paramedian landmarks. A T test was used to compare measurements from males and females, with a significance level of at least 0.05. Discriminant function analysis was used to determine the points that showed most distinction between the sexes. Measurements at paramedian landmarks were greater in males, while those at median landmarks were greater in female subjects, except for Down’s A and B points. We conclude that sexual dimorphism in facial thickness justifies the pre-assignment of sex in reconstruction procedures in forensic sculpture</p>
Evaluación ultrasonográfica del tejido blando facial en adultos chilenos.
The changes in the university curriculum have made necessary the vertical and horizontal integration of contents that are taught in morphology sciences. In this study, students of the Morphology and Human Development Module of the cohorts 2006 and 2007 participated. In 2006 the students (n=83) developed the thematic unit of locomotive apparatus in a chronologicaly and sequentially integrated way. In 2007 (n=102) this same unit was developed in a totally integrated way, in form of learning object from the macroscopic, microscopic and embryology perspectives. A theoretical instrument was designed to evaluate the content of the unit, the approaches of validity and reliability were determined (a=0.79), and then, it was applied to the 2006 and 2007 students. Higher and significant results (p=0.02) were obtained in the group that developed the content by means of integration under the form of learning object, belonging to the cohort 2007. The results indicate that the integration of contents in morphology improves the theoretical learning of them.
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