A new method for extracting accurate stress information from reduced-order structural and aeroelastic models is presented. The method has second-order accuracy when approximate reduced-order direct and adjoint solutions (based on different reduced-order bases) are used simultaneously to obtain approximate stresses. The method is applicable to both static and dynamiclinear analysis. A review of four common methods for structural model order reduction [two variants of the mode displacement method (standard mode displacement and the ctitious mass method), the mode acceleration method, and the Ritz vector method] identi es sources of dif culty and causes of errors in stress behavior sensitivity calculations. Considerations used for selection of the reduced-order direct and adjoint bases are discussed. A series of static and dynamic test cases is used to assess accuracy of the new method in an analysis mode. Accuracy studies of sensitivity calculations follow. We hope to contribute to the eld of design-oriented structural dynamics in terms of both insight and practice.
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