II innovations 2017-article en prépublication d'Innovation aux pays du Sud. Une seconde partie caractérise les conditions historiques d'émergence des institutions de recherche au Cameroun. Une troisième partie analyse en quoi la structure de la production scientifique depuis 1991 répond aux besoins d'innovations du secteur agricole et alimentaire. La quatrième partie explicite les conditions d'utilisation de cette production par les sous-systèmes de l'intermédiation et de l'entrepreneuriat. Les résultats interrogent comment l'usage de la notion de SNRI peut devenir un élément d'orientation des politiques de recherche et d'innovation finalisées par le développement.
Rural Resources Centres (RRCs) managed by community-based organisations, where farmers come together for training and demonstration, have been an innovative extension approach in Cameroon since 2006. This paper describes information flow in RRCs and farmers’ assessment of RRCs as information sources. All the RRCs in Cameroon were studied and 29 group interviews, involving 118 producers and 7 individual interviews with RRC managers, were performed. RRCs share information with several stakeholders including farmers, research institutions, and educational and religious institutions; and interpersonal channels are commonly used. Farmers and agricultural extension workers are the most important sources of information for RRCs. Farmers rank RRCs as their second best sources of information after fellow farmers. On average, each year, RRCs organise at least 40 training sessions for about 1777 participants. The themes are mainly agroforestry (29%), marketing (20%), group dynamics (20%) and post-harvest techniques (11%). The issue of funding the activities of the RRCs needs to be addressed, they need to be better structured, and their human resources increased and strengthened.
REMERCIEMENTSNous remercions grandement, le projet IRAD C2D/PAR Plantain qui a financé ce travail. RESUMELes chips de banane plantain jouent un rôle important dans la constitution des revenus des ménages modestes dans les régions du Centre et du Littoral au Cameroun. Au regard de l'émergence de cette filière, une analyse du système de transformation et de commercialisation des chips de banane plantain a été réalisée. Les données ont été collectées à travers une enquête diagnostique par questionnaire auprès de 327 acteurs. Les résultats montrent que la production et la commercialisation des chips de banane plantain sont essentiellement féminines. Les producteurs et commerçants sont relativement jeunes. La production des chips de banane plantain reste encore artisanale et familiale avec un prix moyen de vente de 100 FCFA le sachet. La demande est forte aux points de péage routier (80%), dans les agences de voyage (9%) et devant les bureaux administratifs (5%). Bien que l'activité s'avère stimulante, elle est soumise à plusieurs contraintes. Assurer une formation des producteurs et commerçants de chips sur les techniques modernes de transformation, de conditionnement et de commercialisation contribuerait à améliorer les revenus des acteurs. ABSTRACTPlantain chips play an important role in income generation of poor households in the Centre and Littoral regions of Cameroon. Given the emergence of this sector, an analysis of the plantain chips processing and marketing system was performed. Data were collected using a diagnostic survey by questionnaires G. H. FONGANG FOUEPE et al / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 10(3): 1184-1198, 2016 1185 addressed to 327 stakeholders. The results show that plantain chips production and marketing is essentially done by women. Producers and traders are relatively young. Plantain chips production remains artisanal and domestic with an average selling price of 100 CFA F per sachet. The demand is high at road toll points (80%), in travelling agencies (9%), and in front of administrative offices (5%). Though the activity proves to be attractive, it is subjected to several constraints that slow down the sector development. Ensuring chips producers' and traders' training in modern processing, packaging and marketing techniques would contribute to improving stakeholders' incomes.
This work discusses the contributions of farmers' organizations to rural development, particularly the case of North West Farmers' Organization (NOWEFOR). This study was carried out from January to November, 2014 in Mezam Division of the North West Region of Cameroon. 100 farmer's members of NOWEFOR were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire and 20 leaders were interviewed using an interview guide. In addition, direct observations were made. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS. The findings show that, NOWEFOR plays a vital role in the mobilization of resources from the state and external donors. The amount of external aid increased with time from 868.000 to 216.160.428 FCFA. The contribution of NOWEFOR to the support and reinforcement of certain initiatives of farmers was overall positive as 52% of the beneficiaries had increased income and 55% hired labour for farming. According to the t-test analysis used to determine the contribution of NOWEFOR to members, there is a significant difference between the levels of incomes of beneficiary and nonbeneficiary farmers. The contribution of NOWEFOR to the provision of inputs to farmers was overall positive as 74% of the beneficiary respondents had agricultural equipment and inputs in their farms. The strengthening of the organization as a whole was positive, since it permitted NOWEFOR to employ technical staff, boost membership and group marketing, respectively to 9 staff, 2954 members and 950 group sales. The contribution to the development of the community was positive, since 23.53, 19.41, 18.37, 13.02, 12.75 and 12.92% of the respondents, respectively expressed satisfaction of better structuring, improved leaders' capacity, mobilized funds, new strategies in place, improved market access and good governance in the organization. This study concluded that farmers' organizations are important for famers and their rural communities.
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