The grafting of an oxo chloro trisalkyl tungsten derivative on silica dehydroxylated at 700 °C was studied by several techniques that showed reaction via W-Cl cleavage, to afford a well-defined precatalyst for alkene metathesis. This was further confirmed by DFT calculations on the grafting process. (17)O labeling of the oxo moiety of a series of related molecular and supported tungsten oxo derivatives was achieved, and the corresponding (17)O MAS NMR spectra were recorded. Combined experimental and theoretical NMR studies yielded information on the local structure of the surface species. Assessment of the (17)O NMR parameters also confirmed the nature of the grafting pathway by ruling out other possible grafting schemes, thanks to highly characteristic anisotropic features arising from the quadrupolar and chemical shift interactions.

WOCl 4 ] was grafted on silica dehydroxylated at 200 °C, and the structure of the surface species was elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic and theoretical methods, demonstrating the formation of [( SiO) 2 WOCl 2 ] (1a) as the major species accompanied by minor monopodal species [(SiO)WOCl 3 ] (1b). Most noteworthy, EXAFS and 17 O NMR combined to DFT calculations helped elucidate the structure of the surface species. Alkylation was performed using SnMe 4 , affording methyl species that were also precisely characterized. The alkylated species achieved excellent performances in isobutene metathesis to 2,3-dimethylbutene.

The surface ablation threshold fluence of fused silica and two porcine cornea layers, the epithelium and the stroma, is characterized as a function of the laser pulse duration in the range of 100 fs-5 ps for a wavelength of 800 nm (Ti:sapphire laser system). The plateaulike region observed between 100 fs and 1 ps for the corneal layers indicates that for use in laser surgery, laser pulse durations chosen within this range should be practically equivalent. Our model predicts that the ablation threshold will decrease rapidly for pulse durations in the low end of the femtosecond regime.

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The influence of an external static field applied in the direction of propagation of a high intensity driving laser pulse on the electron trapping in laser wakefield acceleration is explored. It is shown that, in the case of self-injection, the electric charge accelerated can be enhanced in some physical situations.

Ultrashort laser pulses are very promising tools for performing accurate dissection in the eye, especially in the corneal stroma. The development of eye femtosurgery requires basic knowledge about laser-tissue interaction. One of the most significant parameters is the ablation threshold, the minimal laser energy per unit surface required for ablation. We present here measurements of the femtosecond laser ablation threshold as a function of the pulse duration for two cornea layers (epithelium and stroma) using optical damage diagnosis. Experiments have been realized with the INRS Ti:Sapphire laser (60 fs-5000 fs, 800 nm, 10 Hz). Our experimental results are fitted with a model for laser-matter interaction in order to determine some intrinsic physical parameters.Grant identification: CIHR, FQRNT, FRSQ Research in Vision Network, NSERC.

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