This report regards a 40-year-old man, diagnosed with sickle cell anaemia (SCA; HbSS), who was admitted to our emergency service with symptoms of vaso-occlusive crisis. The patient was not under chronic transfusion therapy, and the baseline haemoglobin was 7 g/dL. He was initially treated with opioid analgesics and hydration. The initial laboratory investigation showed Hb = 7.1 g/dL, Ht = 21.1%, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) = 384 U/L, total bilirubin = 2.3 mg/dL and indirect bilirubin = 1.32 mg/dL. Anti-E and anti-Di a were identified in the antibody screening using the gel method (ID-DiaPanel and ID-DiaPanel-P, BIORAD, Lagoa Santa, Brazil). Previous immunohaematological investigation had shown only anti-E. He was transfused with two red blood cell (RBC) units (254 and 261 mL), without any clinical intercurrences during the infusion. The patient's phenotype was R 0 r; K−; Jk(a + b−); Fy(a + b−); S−, s+ and Dia−, and the transfused units had the same phenotype. In addition, molecular investigation for the most common RHD 1 and RHCE variants (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism-RFLP-PCR designed to detect c.733C>G) was performed and was negative. All transfused units were HbS-negative, and the patient's blood volume was 4.5 L. The laboratory tests performed approximately 8 hours after the transfusion revealed a sharp decrease in the haemoglobin levels (posttransfusion Hb = 5 g/dL) and an increase in LDH (550 U/L). Parvovirus polymerase chain reaction was performed and was negative.
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