The building industry is responsible for a large amount of waste, and the measurement and modelling of this waste could be used to develop better waste management plans. Several theoretical models explain the relationships between waste and building characteristics, but local practices may result in different behaviours. This study aimed to measure and analyse the waste generated through construction. It was based on the analysis of 18 building sites located in the region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Waste was measured at these sites, and the results showed an average waste generation rate of 0.151 m3 m-2. A regression analysis of the collected data presented a satisfactory performance in two models. The first model was developed to explain total waste generation, including the effects of certain attributes, with an R2 = 0.81. The changes in waste generated during construction were estimated. The second model considered time schedules and examined the effect of the construction stage on waste generation, and reached an R2 = 0.91. The model with time indicated an S-shaped relationship. The models presented satisfactory statistical parameters and could be used to produce better waste management plans in the preconstruction stage.
Researches on building performance have been developed over time. The Brazilian Performance Standard -NBR 15575 -deals with the issues of durability applied to residential buildings, establishing criteria and parameters to classify the systems into minimum, intermediate and higher performance levels. In relation to the service life, studies are also associated with the building's structural durability, in which the technical specifications and quality of materials, construction systems, building process, use and maintenance of the building are important factors for better performance. In order to evaluate the structural durability over the years, a case study was conducted in a building designed to meet the higher level established in the Brazilian Performance Standard, with service life of 75 years in the structural project, through the non-destructive surface hardness of concrete test by using a Schmidt hammer and semi-destructive carbonation tests. The superficial hardness test was conducted on a concrete column following the procedures of NBR 7584, while the carbonation samples were collected in 3 concrete columns in which a phenolphthalein solution was sprayed to observe the alkalinity of the samples. For all tests, three different heights were considered. The concrete testing hammer indicated an average surface hardness of approximately 50 MPa, and for carbonation tests, it was noted that the concrete was not carbonated at a depth of 5mm. So, the criteria of service life could be considered attended.
O pensamento a respeito do desempenho acústico nas edificações é consideravelmente novo no âmbito da construção civil especialmente no Brasil, onde, os requisitos de desempenho normalizados se aplicam apenas para edificações habitacionais através do conjunto de normas da ABNT NBR 15575:2013, também conhecida como norma de desempenho, enquanto que em diversos países há uma exigência mínima especifica para outras tipologias. Neste artigo, são apresentados alguns estudos de caso em edificações escolares, onde são demonstradas pesquisas realizadas tanto com medições em campo como avaliações qualitativas. Vale destacar que o processo de ensino aprendizagem necessita da escuta e compreensão da fala em todo o ambiente, possibilitando a boa interlocução entre professor e alunos. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar o isolamento ao ruído aéreo de uma sala de aula tipo de uma instituição de ensino de nível superior. Tendo como objeto de estudo uma sala de aula de campus universitário localizado no estado do RS que possui 114,24 m2. A investigação da pesquisa foi através de verificação em campo do isolamento ao ruído aéreo, com ensaios conforme procedimentos da ISO 16283-1 para os ensaios de sistemas de vedações verticais internos e da ISO 16283-3 para os ensaios nos sistemas externos (fachadas). Os resultados apresentam desempenho abaixo do previsto quando comparados a referências internacionais específicas para ambiente escolar e, ainda, se considerados os requisitos estabelecidos na NBR 15575-4 o sistema construtivo também não atenderia o nível mínimo de desempenho.
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