Aims: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a dual system with two opposite arms: i) the classical one formed by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin (Ang) II and angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors; ii) the counter-regulatory arm consisting of ACE2, Ang-(1-7) and Mas receptor. Physical exercise can modulate this system, however, only animal studies have compared the effects of different intensity protocols on the RAS. No data with humans were provided. Therefore, we investigated the acute effect of two protocols of isowork aerobic exercise [High-Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise (MICE)] in plasma and urinary levels of RAS components in physically active men. Main methods: The HIIE protocol included a 5-minute warm-up cycling at 60-70% of heart rate peak (HRp) intensity followed by 10 sets of 30 s above 90% with 1 min of recovery and 3 min of cool down. The MICE protocol was performed at a constant power corresponding to 60-70% of HRp and finalized at the same total work of HIIE. Blood and urine samples were collected before and after the protocols. Plasma and urinary levels of ACE, ACE2, Ang-(1-7) and Ang II were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Key findings: While the HIIE protocol significantly increased urinary levels of ACE and plasma levels of ACE2, the MICE protocol elevated urinary concentrations of ACE2 and of Ang-(1-7). A greater increase of urine concentrations of Ang-(1-7) occurred in the MICE if compared with the HIIE protocol. Significance: Aerobic physical exercise acutely increases the activity of the counter-regulatory RAS axis, mostly the MICE protocol.
COVID-19 disease compromises the lung in large numbers of patients. The development of minimally invasive methods to determine the severity of the pulmonary extension is requested. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of sequential lung ultrasound and to test the prognostic usefulness of this exam in a group of patients admitted with COVID-19. We prospectively evaluated patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to our hospital between April and August 2020. Bedside lung ultrasound (LUS) exams were performed in three-times points: inclusion (D1), after 48 hours (D3), and on the seventh day of follow-up (D7). Lung ultrasound scores were quantified according to the aeration loss in each of 8 zones scanned. Sixty-six patients were included, 42 (63.6%) in the ICU and 24 (36.3%) in the ward. The LUS scores were higher in patients admitted to the ICU than those admitted to the ward on the inclusion (16 [13-17] vs 10 [4-14], p <0.001), after 48h (15.5 [13-17] vs 12.5 [8.2-14.7], p=0.001), and on the seventh day (16 [14-17] vs 7 [4.5 -13.7], p<0.001) respectively. The LUS score measured on the time of inclusion in the study was independently associated with the need for ICU admission (OR=1.480; 95%CI: 1.093-2.004, p=0.011) adjusted by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score.
Corrigendum to "Two protocols of aerobic exercise modulate the counter-regulatory axis of the renin-angiotensin system" [Heliyon 6 (1) (January 2020) e03208]
A cunicultura é o ramo da zootecnia que trata da criação produtiva, econômica e racional de coelhos. A partir da Segunda Guerra Mundial, houve-se a necessidade de se produzir, de forma mais rápida e eficiente, produtos de origem animal para o consumo humano. Sendo assim, os coelhos despertaram interesse por serem animais prolíferos, dóceis e de ciclo reprodutivo rápido. A criação de coelhos pode ser considerada uma atividade de fácil implantação, com manejo e instalações simples; produzindo uma carne de ótima qualidade para a alimentação humana e seus subprodutos que podem ser comercializados em grande escala, podendo ser uma ótima opção de fonte de renda para pequenos e grandes produtores. A alimentação é o ponto crucial para alcançar bons índices produtivos; assim como os demais sistemas de produção, na cunicultura a alimentação representa de 60 a 70% dos custos. Devido a isto, o uso de aditivos procura aumentar a eficiência alimentar, proporcionando melhores desempenhos produtivos e econômicos na produção animal. Os nucleotídeos são compostos por uma base nitrogenada (purina ou pirimidina), uma pentose e um ou mais grupos fosfatos. Dentro da nutrição animal, os nucleotídeos dietéticos têm chamado atenção por desempenhar papel na manutenção da saúde intestinal, podendo atuar como uma solução ao uso de antibióticos na alimentação dos animais jovens. Portanto, destaca-se a importância de estudos e pesquisas para se obter novas alternativas na alimentação para os sistemas de produção e manter os dados sobre cunicultura ativos.
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