showing DNA sequence fidelity for the tested SSR primers. In conclusion, the adopted procedure for in vitro CSD is reproducible for induction, regeneration and propagation of Coffea polyploids and potentially other shrubbery and woody species. In view of the novelty of this procedure to generate new germplasm, we show the key issues and the steps of the CSD procedure.

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Brazilian cultivars such as Paluma, Pedro Sato, Sassaoka and Cortibel SLG exhibit changes in their methylation profiles during their production cycle. Others show greater stability, for instance Século XXI and six Cortibel cultivars, suggesting the possibility of selection for this characteristic. Furthermore, the methylation and demethylation mechanisms of adult guava plants indicate the relevance of epigenetics for the wide edaphoclimatic adaptation of the species. In addition, the clonal propagation of guava may provide an opportunity for the development of this crop through epibreeding approaches.

Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a plant growth regulator of the triazole group that can block the biosynthesis of gibberellic acid, resulting in reduced plant height and increased stem diameter. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different paclobutrazol concentrations on seedling quality of Passiflora mucronata Lam. Two Passiflora mucronata genotypes were used, one resistant (G5) and one tolerant (G7) to fusariosis, prepared as cuttings treated with PBZ. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement corresponding to two genotypes (G5 and G7) and four PBZ concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15 mg plant-1), with three replications of four plants. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, regression analysis, and the F-test, followed by Pearson’s correlation test between variables. PBZ promoted an increase in the plagiotropic shoot diameter and the leaf area index of genotypes G5 and G7, in addition to increased shoot length in genotype G5 and increased number of leaves in genotype G7. PBZ also resulted in increased photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. There was a positive correlation for genotype G5, between the plagiotropic shoot diameter and the leaf transpiration rate, and for genotype G7, between the plagiotropic shoot diameter and the number of leaves. Genotypes G5 and G7 showed different phenotypic responses when subjected to PBZ doses, highlighting the intraspecific divergence of the species.

Euterpe edulis, uma palmeira ameaçada de extinção da Mata Atlântica, tem importância ecológica e econômica pelo uso da polpa dos frutos. A identificação de matrizes geneticamente divergentes nas populações é útil para a conservação e o melhoramento da espécie. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se estimar a diversidade genética de plantas divergentes morfologicamente que possam ser utilizadas como matrizes, e de suas famílias de progênies em uma área manejada e em áreas de populações naturais da espécie no estado do Espírito Santo. Foram avaliadas 21 matrizes, das quais 13 obtidas em área manejada para a exploração sustentável dos frutos (anteriormente avaliadas quanto a caracteres de frutos) e oito oriundas de populações naturais no estado do Espírito Santo. Para cada matriz avaliou-se 10 progênies, constituindo 21 famílias. A partir de genotipagem por marcadores microssatélites, a caracterização das plantas matrizes e suas progênies foi realizada pelas heterozigosidades observada (Ho) e esperada (He) e o índice de endogamia (f), bem como a análise de variância molecular das plantas oriundas dos diferentes locais de coleta. As matrizes da área de cultivo manejada de Rio Novo do Sul apresentaram maiores Ho e He, e menor f, indicando maior diversidade. Menores Ho (0,36) e He (0,41) e maior f (0,15) foram observados para as matrizes de Pinheiros, indicando menor diversidade e maior endogamia. A análise da variância entre os locais de coleta das matrizes revelou maior variação genética intrapopulacional que interpopulacional. As matrizes coletadas em populações naturais, Linhares e, especialmente, de Pinheiros, apresentam menor diversidade genética. Na área manejada, os indivíduos apresentaram maior diversidade para as matrizes e suas progênies, indicando potencial para a conservação e uso sustentável do recurso genético nesta área. As matrizes indicadas para cruzamento, com possibilidade de gerar descendentes com maior desempenho morfológico para frutos e alta diversidade foram RNS_154 e RNS_76.

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Popularly known as juçaizeiro, Euterpe edulis has been gaining prominence in the fruit growing sector and has demanded the development of superior genetic materials. Since it is a native species and still little studied, the application of more sophisticated techniques can result in higher gains with less time. Until now, there are no studies that apply genomic prediction for this crop, especially in multi-trait analysis. In this sense, this study aimed to apply new methods and breeding techniques for the juçaizeiro, to optimize this breeding program through the application of genomic prediction. This data consisted of 275 juçaizeiro genotypes from a population of Rio Novo do Sul-ES, Brazil. The genomic prediction was performed using the multi-trait (G-BLUP MT) and single-trait (G-BLUP ST) models and the selection of superior genotypes was based on a selection index. Similar results for predictive ability were observed for both models. However, the G-BLUP ST model provided greater selection gains when compared to the G-BLUP MT. For this reason, the genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) from the G-BLUP ST, were used to select the six superior genotypes (UFES.A.RN.390, UFES.A.RN.386, UFES.A.RN.080, UFES.A.RN.383, UFES.S.RN.098, and UFES.S.RN.093). This was intended to provide superior genetic materials for the development of seedlings and implantation of productive orchards, which will meet the demands of the productive, industrial and consumer market.