Among the disturbances resulting from stress is cannibalism, in the confinement of swines, it is caused by suffering environmental disturbances. Therefore, the aimed of this study was to analyze the rates of condemnation of swine carcasses for cannibalism in the period from January to April 2020 in a slaughterhouse located in the Northern Mesoregion Mato-grossense - Brazil. Data were conducted using ANOVA and Tukey Test (α=0.05). The study of proportions was also carried out as a statistical basis to calculate the percentage of destinations and the total amount of condemned swine carcasses. The averages of the condemned, released and used carcasses show a statistical difference (p<0.05) between the months studied. The monthly averages were 112.25 condemned carcasses (64.25 released, 35 used conditionally and 13 destined for rendering). In the total of carcasses condemned for cannibalism, there were values of 57.28% for release, 31.18% for conditional use and 11.58% for rendering, with a higher incidence in March. The incidence of cannibalism can be considered low in relation to the number of animals slaughtered in a four-month period. However, the economic impact must be taken into account, because the loss due to total conviction and conditional use cause significant financial losses. In addition, uncomfortable production environments have factors closely related to cannibalism, being difficult to control after the outbreak begins. Therefore, the incidence of cannibalism can influence the final carcass yield of swines slaughtered in the finishing phase.
Constant monitoring of milk quality by the processing industries demands the use of methodologies that add agility and low-cost analysis, such as the use of electronic equipment based on infrared or ultrasonic spectroscopy. In the present study, quality of raw milk received by dairy farms from western region of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, was evaluated throughout two methodologies of analysis of chemical composition and compared, being that both equipment used standard procedures for calibration, considering as reference data from the classic analytical methods recommended in Brazilian legislation. Milk samples from 45 producers were analyzed for SCC, TBC and physicochemical analysis, performed at dairy’s laboratory and at the official laboratory. Infrared and ultrasound methodologies for chemical composition of fat, protein and lactose were compared and correlated. The comparison of the methods showed that there was no significant difference for the mean values of fat (P=0.06); however, they presented significant difference for protein (P=0.001), higher for IR (3.23 vs. 3.33), and lactose (P<0.0001), higher for US (4.47 vs. 4.83). Correlation was positive and significant for fat (r=0.73, P<0.0001), protein (r=0.47, P=0.001) and lactose (r=0.51, P=0.0003). Considering the minimal composition required, TBC and SCC levels, 95.5%, 84.1% and 64.4% of the milk producers met the current Brazilian legislation, respectively. It was concluded that the methodologies have affected results, which may have been influenced by the correction factor used for equipment calibration, specifically for analyzed samples during the study period.
The objective was to differentiate dairy farms and correlate their characteristics with the occurrence of Unstable non-acid milk (UNAM) in the far west of Santa Catarina. In addition to ascertaining the lowest graduation in the alcohol test for milk selection in a commercial dairy. Assessments were made at 45 farms that sold milk in the commercial dairy. Management and production characteristics were identified between August and December of 2016. Milk samples were collected biweekly from the cooling tank between August 2016 and July 2017. They were analyzed for stability to alcohol testing in gradations from 72 to 80 % at 2% intervals, in addition to the boil test, titratable acidity, and pH. The Pearson's Chi-square test was used to evaluate the difference between the UNAM in the graduations tested and the regression analysis to estimate the effect of quantitative variables on the accumulated UNAM. Regression analysis as performed to verify the effect of the month of the year on the UNAM. The milk production in 91% of the farms was in the pasture system with supplementation and the rest in semiconfinement. The area of the farm was 23.6 ± 16 ha to keep 23.6 ± 9.3 lactating cows producing on average of 16.6 ± 4.9 liters/cow. The incidence of UNAM increased concomitantly with the increase in the alcoholic grade used in the test and, in February, the lowest grade for identification of UNAM was found. The study concluded that the accumulated UNAM correlated negatively with the area to produce food and animal productivity. The 76% alcohol content is the best alternative to select commercialized milk.
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