New hazmat (hazardous material) and nonhazmat transport tanks will be constructed to the rules of the ASME Code Section XII (ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990). The criteria and basis to design these tanks have been questioned and a full scale buckling test has been performed to evaluate maximum allowable over-the-road loadings and required design details. This paper summarizes the results of this testing and provides comparisons with classical Code buckling criteria, Code Case 2286-2 (ASME Code Case 2286-2, Cases of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Case 2286-2, “Alternative Rules for Determining Allowable Compressive Stresses for Cylinders, Cones, Spheres, and Formed Heads”) and other methods for such evaluations. The objective is to provide the ASME Section XII committee with a basis for establishing buckling design criteria and shell stiffening details for both hazmat and nonhazmat transport tanks.
This chapter covers alternative rules to the construction of pressure vessels under Section VIII, Division 2. The Section is made up of nine parts and the organization within each part is as follows: rules and requirements, nomenclature, tables, figures, normative annexes, and informative annexes. Part 1 contains general requirements addressing the following subjects: reference standards, units of measurement, tolerances, and technical inquiries. Part 2 consolidates the responsibilities and duties of the User, Manufacturer, and Authorized Inspector. It also contains general requirements for report forms and maintenance of records. Part 3 contains all requirements related to materials of construction and is organized in a similar fashion to Part AM of VIII-2. The coverage includes materials permitted for construction of vessel parts, and supplemental requirements for ferrous materials, Cr–Mo steels, Q and T steels with enhanced tensile properties, nonferrous metals, and boltings and castings. The requirements of Part 4 provide design rules for commonly used pressure vessel shapes under pressure loading and, within specified limits, rules or guidance for treatment of other loadings. Design requirements for the application of the design-by-analysis methodology in VIII-2 are described in Part 5. Detailed design procedures utilizing the results from a stress analysis are provided to evaluate components for plastic collapse, local failure, buckling, and cyclic loading. Part 6 consolidates the various fabrication requirements from old VIII-2 and VIII-1. Part 7 contains the requirements for examination during construction of pressure vessels. Part 7A covers the responsibilities and duties for inspection and examination during construction of pressure vessels. Part 8, which contains the rules pertaining to the pressure testing of the vessel following completion of fabrication, describes requirements for hydrostatic testing and pneumatic testing. The requirements for overpressure protection of vessels built in accordance with this VIII-2 are provided in Part 9.
In a recent study conducted by the European Commission, design fatigue life of welded vessels allowed by the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code was compared with that of the European Standard EN 13445. The allowable number cycles of the ASME Code was reported to be much larger than that of EN 13445, and, therefore, the ASME Code was regarded as unconservative for welded regions. This paper investigates the reason for the reported discrepancy between the two design codes. It is found that, when calculating the allowable cycles reported in the study using the ASME Code as a basis, no fatigue strength reduction factor on stress was used, which is contrary to the ASME Code design rules for welded joints. This paper recalculates the allowable cycles according to ASME Code rules and concludes that they are comparable with those of EN 13445.
Numerous revisions, updates and advances have been incorporated in the ASME Section VIII Code on “Pressure Vessels.” All of them have been published in “Mechanical Engineering” as required by ANSI accredited organization procedures and a few have also been the subject of specific technical papers. The objectives of this paper is not the duplication of these already published works but rather a highlighting of the more significant or, in some cases, subtle revisions that have been incorporated in Section VIII since the 1974 edition. By way of introduction, the basic design philosophies of Division 1 and 2 are also outlined.
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