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Definition of Diabetes MellitusDiabetes mellitus is the collective term for heterogeneous metabolic disorders whose main finding is chronic hyperglycaemia. The cause is either a disturbed insulin secretion or a disturbed insulin effect or usually both. Gestational DiabetesGlucose tolerance disorder that occurs or is diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy [1].Type 1 diabetes ▪ β-cell destruction that leads to an absolute insulin, deficiency mostly transmitted immunologically, ▪ Checkpoint inhibitor-induced diabetes, ▪ LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults): classified as type 1 diabetes ( ▶ Table 1).Type 2 diabetes ▪ Can range from a predominant insulin resistance with a relative insulin deficiency to a largely secretory defect with insulin resistance. ▪ Is often associated with other diseases (e. g. the metabolic syndrome).Other specific types of diabetes ▪ Exocrine pancreatic diseases (e. g. pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis), ▪ Endocrinopathies (e. g. Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly, pheochromocytoma), ▪ Medically-chemically induced (e. g. glucocorticoids, neuroleptics, interferon-alpha, pentamidine).Genetic defects of the β-cell function (e. g. MODY forms)▪ Genetic defects of insulin action, S1 S1This document was downloaded for personal use only. Unauthorized distribution is strictly prohibited.

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More than 40% of the evaluated BG monitoring systems did not fulfill the minimum accuracy requirements of DIN EN ISO 15197:2003. As inaccurate BG monitoring systems bear the risk of false treatment decisions by the diabetes patient and subsequent possible severe health injury, manufacturers should regularly and effectively check the quality of BG meters and BG test strips.

This study provided continuous glucose profiles in nondiabetic subjects and demonstrated that differences in meal composition are reflected in postprandial interstitial glucose concentrations. Regarding the increasing application of continuous glucose monitoring in diabetic patients, these data suggest that detailed information about the ingested meals is important for adequate interpretation of postprandial glucose profiles.