Developing efficient and reusable
catalysts to transform raw feedstocks
into high value-added fine chemicals and biofuels has received considerable
research interest. Herein, we report ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC)
encapsulating KF to design novel chainmail solid base catalysts (KF@OMC-x, where x stands for the weight ratio
of potassium). The OMC armor can be facilely prepared from a one-step
mechanochemical synthesis without the assistance of any solvents,
which was achieved from the grinding of resorcinol, terephthalaldehyde,
and block copolymer template (Pluronic F127, PEO106–PPO70–PEO106), solidothermal treatment at 150
°C, and calcined at 360 °C for the removal of the template.
The obtained OMC was then impregnated with the KF precursor and annealed
at 500 °C to reinforce the interaction, and the KF superbase
site can be encapsulated into the OMC armor. The resultant KF@OMC-x possess characteristics including large BET surface areas
(351–445 m2/g), long-range ordered mesoporosity
with narrow pore sizes (∼6.0 nm), and good dispersion of KF
superbase sites with an enhanced stability. Consequently, KF@OMC-x can be employed as high-efficient and reusable catalysts
in base-catalyzed liquid reactions including toward transesterification
to biodiesel and Knoevenagel condensation to fine chemicals. Their
activities were even better than widely used strong base catalysts
such as KF, Na2CO3, CaO, and hydrotalcite. This
study may help to develop effective and stable solid base catalysts
for the scalable production of biofuels under harsh industrial processes.
Nitric oxide (NO) absorption in ionic liquids (ILs) is an interesting issue, but little attention has been focused on the removal of NO at low partial pressures. Herein, a series of protic ionic liquids (PILs) based on polyamines as the cation and hydroxybenzenes as the anion were prepared for capturing lowconcentration NO (0−0.6 bar). Triethylenetetramine phenolate ([TETAH][PhO]) showed an excellent absorption performance, with low viscosity, fast absorption rate, and high absorption capacity. The experimental solubility data were fitted by the Krichevsky−Kasarnovsky (K−K) equation, and the absorption enthalpy (ΔH) of NO in [TETAH][PhO] was thus calculated to be −43.60 kJ/mol. Density functional theory calculations were further performed to better understand the interaction of [TETAH][PhO] with NO on the molecular level, and the results suggest that the weak interaction of NO with the PIL was induced by the presence of H protons. It is believed that this work may provide a new method for the efficient and reversible absorption of low-concentration NO.
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