Chagas disease is a major public health problem in Bolivia. In the city of Cochabamba, 58% of the population lives in peripheral urban districts ("popular zones")
Our results are an example of how survival of individuals with past exposure to infectious disease may lead to a different picture of ageing in the developing world. Policy makers need to consider the extra burden imposed by increasing rates of non-infectious disease among the elderly (as observed in Brazil) including the consequences of T. cruzi infection in areas where the infection was widespread in the past.
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