Oact: active oxygen species. C*[O]: carbon–oxygen intermediate. The synergistic effect in Co–Ce catalyst leads to more oxygen vacancies and enhanced redox ability, thus assisting soot combustion.

Furfural is an abundant and low‐cost bio‐derived platform chemical, obtained by xylose dehydration, and an important precursor to furfuryl alcohol and furan resins. The liquid phase selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol was systematically investigated over silica supported Ru nanoparticles to elucidate structure‐reactivity relations and obtain mechanistic insight. Furfural hydrogenation to furfuryl alcohol is weakly structure sensitive for Ru nanoparticles spanning 2 to 25 nm, and the dominant reaction pathway reaching 95 % selectivity under our conditions (<25 bar H2 and 100–165 °C). In contrast, furfural decarbonylation to furan exhibits a strong structure sensitivity, being favoured over sub‐10 nm particles. Increasing pH2 from 10 to 25 bar resulted in a modest increase in C=O hydrogenation, while higher temperatures promoted ring‐opening of furfuryl alcohol.

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