Moringa oleifera Lam., an edible plant, is rich in a variety of components that can have many medicinal effects and also has good economic value.
Traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides (TCMPs) are plentiful and renewable resources with properties such as biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, biodegradability, and low cytotoxicity. Because the polysaccharide molecular chain contains a variety of active groups, different polysaccharide derivatives can be easily produced through chemical modification. They have been increasingly used in drug delivery systems (DDS). However, the potential of polysaccharides is usually ignored due to their structural complexity, poor stability or ambiguity of mechanisms of actions. This review summarized the applications of TCMPs in DDS around four main aspects. The general characteristics of TCMPs as drug delivery carriers, as well as the relationships between structure and function of them were summarized. Meanwhile, the direction of preparing multifunctional drug delivery materials with synergistic effect by using TCMPs was discussed. This review aims to become a reference for further research of TCMPs and their derivatives, especially applications of them as carriers in pharmaceutical preparation industry.
To assess the genetic background of the germplasm resource of rainbow clam Moerella iridescens along China coasts, population genetic structure and genetic diversity of rainbow clam from five geographical populations in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea (Lianyungang, Chongming, Cixi, Zhoushan, and Ningde) were analyzed based on rDNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) sequences. Forty-Seven rDNA haplotypes were identified among 109 rainbow clam individuals of the five populations. Gen4 and Gen21 were the dominant haplotypes, accounting for 49.5% of rDNA whole gene sequences, and shared by the five populations. Six to eight exclusive haplotypes were found in each population. The average haplotype diversity index (HD) of the five populations was 0.8733. The genetic distance among populations ranged from 0.002 to 0.004, and haplotypes from the same population were not clustered in a single clade. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) demonstrated that the main genetic differentiation mainly occurred within population, and the genetic differentiation coefficient (FST) among five populations was between-0.02836 and 0.01896, which meant that no genetic differentiation among populations occurred. Overall, the five geographical populations showed a high genetic diversity, but no evident genetic structure or genetic differentiation. Qinhuangdao (Hebei), Yellow River Delta (Shandong), Lianyungang (Jiangsu), Chongming Island (Shanghai), and Haimen (Guangdong), and etc. The different climate of each sea area and the diversity of ecological environment may lead to genetic differentiation among the geographical populations of M. iridescens, which is closely related to its adaptability, reproductive capacity and evolutionary potential (Sokal et al., 1989). For the recent more than a decade, over-exploitation and shrimp farming in the inning beach have led to a fragmented natural ecological environment of M. iridescens in habitat, degradation of germplasm resources, and severely declining resources quantity of M. iridescens (Li et al., 2009; You and Wang, 1990a, 1991b). So it is necessary to effectively assess genetic resources so as to take rational conservation strategies. The richer the genetic diversity of a species, the stronger its adaptability to environmental changes, and it is easy to expand its distribution range (Su et al., 2007). Therefore, assessing population genetic diversity is of great scientific and practical significance in protecting and managing the germplasm resources of M. iridescens. A few of reports are available regarding the germplasm resources and molecular biology of M. iridescens. In the analysis of geographical population morphological variation and micro chemical composition in the population, the heavy metal pollution characteristics of M. iridescens in Hangzhou Bay and Haizhou Bay were quite different, which also indicated that the habitat of M. iridescens was greatly affected by human beings (Li et al., 2010a; Dong et al., 2012). ISSR primers for germplasm evaluation of M. iridescens was established, the geneti...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.