A new vision probe based on telecentric photography has been developed for multiphase system measurement. Four outstanding advantages of the probe are as follows: (i) Sharp pictures with little image distortion can be obtained because of the distinctive parallel light paths from the telecentric lens. (ii) The slim probe can be inserted everywhere in large reactors. (iii) Local characteristics such as particle (solid particle or drop or bubble) size, holdup, and interfacial area with one or even more dispersed phases can be measured. (iv) The higher holdup of the dispersed phase is allowed. The robustness of the probe has been tested in a multiphase reactor. Finally, applications in solid−liquid, gas−liquid, and gas−liquid−solid stirred tanks are present respectively to demonstrate the measurements on the particle holdup, bubble size, and particle and bubble size using this vision probe.
Extensive
experimental and theoretical studies have proven the
existence of solvent aggregates in alcohols, and some attempts have
been made to explore the uneven distribution of solutes. Here, we
studied the distribution and mobility of CuCl2 in 3-hexanol
and ethanol and investigated the aerobic oxidation of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol
under these systems. Small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering was applied
to study the solvent aggregates and reveal the distribution of CuCl2 in alcohols. The electrical conductivity was used to study
the mobility of CuCl2 in 3-hexanol and ethanol. As a result,
while nearly homodisperse and free movement of CuCl2 was
observed in ethanol, the CuCl2 was restricted within the polar regions of stable solvent
aggregates in 3-hexanol. With the increase of CuCl2 concentration
in 3-hexanol, the electron paramagnetic resonance suggested the switch
of CuCl2 nuclearity from mononuclear to multinuclear, and
meanwhile, the aerobic oxidation of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol was turned
from aerobic oxidative coupling to oxygenation. Furthermore, when
the same reaction was carried out in different alcohols, the effectivity
of controlling the reaction pathway was found to decrease as the solvent
possesses less stable solvent aggregates, and the main pathway in
ethanol was always oxygenation whenever the reaction was catalyzed
by 2 or 10 mM CuCl2.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.